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ZERO-BASE BUDGET: A method of budgeting expenditures in which each expenditure is justified on its overall merits rather than being based on the budget for the previous year. A zero-base budget is most often proposed (but seldom implemented) for governments. Governments generally establish budget expenditures based on expenditures for the previous year. If, for example, budget expenditures last year were $100 billion, the requested budget for this year might be set at $110 billion. The existing $100 billion is a "given" and only the extra $10 billion is justified. With a zero-base budget, the entire $110 billion is justified.
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Lesson 11: Circular Flow | Unit 2: Financial Markets
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Page: 7 of 22
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Topic:
The Paper Economy
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Financial markets divert national income from household consumption to business investment.- Real side: Goods and resources, physical production used to satisfy wants and needs.
- Paper side: Legal claims on these physical goods and resources. Examples: Corporate stocks, government bonds, money, bank statements, mortgage contracts.
- Trading legal claims through financial markets diverts income from consumption to investment.
- A legal claim buyer gets the legal claim, but gives up income. The legal claim seller gives up the claim and takes possession of the income.
- Income is diverted from a legal claim buyer (lender, saver) to a legal claim seller (borrower) through the financial markets.Two additional flows: Saving and Investment.
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AVERAGE REVENUE, PERFECT COMPETITION The revenue received for selling a good per unit of output sold, found by dividing total revenue by the quantity of output. Average revenue often goes by a simpler and more widely used term... price. For a perfectly competitive firm average revenue is also equal to marginal revenue. Average revenue for a perfectly competitive firm is often depicted by a horizontal average revenue curve.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing about a thrift store seeking to buy either arch supports for your shoes or an AC adapter that works with your MPG player. Be on the lookout for rusty deck screws.
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The wealthy industrialist, Andrew Carnegie, was once removed from a London tram because he lacked the money needed for the fare.
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"If you don't know where you are going, any road will get you there." -- Lewis Carroll, writer
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AS
Aggregate Supply
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