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ZERO-BASE BUDGET: A method of budgeting expenditures in which each expenditure is justified on its overall merits rather than being based on the budget for the previous year. A zero-base budget is most often proposed (but seldom implemented) for governments. Governments generally establish budget expenditures based on expenditures for the previous year. If, for example, budget expenditures last year were $100 billion, the requested budget for this year might be set at $110 billion. The existing $100 billion is a "given" and only the extra $10 billion is justified. With a zero-base budget, the entire $110 billion is justified.
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Lesson 8: Market Shocks | Unit 4: Double Shifts
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Page: 14 of 20
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Topic:
More Demand and Less Supply
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Here we have demand increasing (higher income) and supply decreasing (number of sellers declines).- An increase in demand causes an increase in both price and quantity.
- A decrease supply causes price to increase and quantity to decrease.
- The combined effect is an obvious increase in price but a questionable change in quantity.
- At the new equilibrium the quantity is indeterminant.
- If demand shifts relatively more than supply, quantity is greater.
- If demand shifts relatively less than supply, quantity is less.
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BALANCE OF TRADE DEFICIT The negative difference of the value of goods and services exported out of a country less the value of goods and services imported into the country. A balance of trade deficit is the official term for negative net exports that occurs when imports exceed exports. A balance of trade deficit is also termed an "unfavorable" balance of trade because it results in a net outflow of monetary payments from the domestic economic to the foreign sector, which tends to be bad for a country. The alternative is a balance of trade surplus in which exports exceed imports.
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Junk bonds are so called because they have a better than 50% chance of default, carrying a Standard & Poor's rating of CC or lower.
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"The greatest things ever done on Earth have been done little by little. " -- William Jennings Bryan
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LAN
Locally Asymptotically Normal
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