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LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL RETURNS: A principle stating that as more and more of a variable input is combined with a fixed input in short-run production, the marginal product of the variable input eventually declines. This is THE economic principle underlying the analysis of short-run production for a firm. Among a host of other things, it offers an explanation for the upward-sloping market supply curve. How does the law of diminishing marginal returns help us understand supply? The law of supply and the upward-sloping supply curve indicate that a firm needs to receive higher prices to produce and sell larger quantities. Why do they need higher prices?

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45-DEGREE LINE: A guideline used in Keynesian economics in conjunction with the consumption line (to derive saving) and the aggregate expenditures line (to identify Keynesian equilibrium). This guideline forms a 45-degree angle with both the horizontal income axis and the vertical consumption expenditure (or aggregate expenditures) axis in the Keynesian graphical analysis. Each point on the line represents equality between income and horizontal axis and consumption expenditure (or aggregate expenditures) on the vertical axis.

     See also | Keynesian economics | consumption line | Keynesian equilibrium | income | consumption | aggregate expenditures | saving | consumption-income relation |


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The allocation question that determines the types and quantities of goods and services produced with society's limited resources. What goods and services are produced with society's limited resources? This is one of three basic questions of allocation. The other two are How? and For Whom?

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time calling an endless list of 800 numbers trying to buy either a pair of red goulashes with shiny buckles or a handcrafted bird feeder. Be on the lookout for pencil sharpeners with an attitude.
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Three-forths of the gold mined each year is used to manufacture jewelry.
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