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January 14, 2026 

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DEMAND INCREASE AND SUPPLY DECREASE: A simultaneous increase in the willingness and ability of buyers to purchase a good at the existing price, illustrated by a rightward shift of the demand curve, and a decrease in the willingness and ability of sellers to sell a good at the existing price, illustrated by a leftward shift of the supply curve. When combined, both shifts result in an indeterminant change in equilibrium quantity and an increase in equilibrium price.

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AUTONOMOUS EXPENDITURE: An aggregate expenditure (you know them as consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports) that is unrelated to national income or gross domestic product. These four aggregate expenditures are conveniently separated into two types, autonomous, which is our current topic of expenditures unrelated to national income or GDP, and induced expenditures, expenditures which ARE related to national income or GDP. Autonomous expenditures cause shocks in the macroeconomy, which result in changes in income and production. These income/production changes then "induce" further changes in aggregate expenditures, our induced expenditures.

     See also | aggregate expenditures | induced expenditure | consumption expenditures | investment expenditures | government purchases | net exports | gross domestic product | national income | business cycle | multiplier | accelerator |


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AUTONOMOUS INVESTMENT

Business investment expenditures that do not depend on income or production (especially national income or even gross domestic product). That is, changes in income do not generate changes in investment. Autonomous investment is best thought of as investment that the business sector undertakes regardless of the state of the economy. It is measured by the intercept term of the investment line. The alternative to autonomous investment is induced investment, which does depend on income.

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