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ECONOMIC INDICATORS: Numerous economic statistics that provide valuable information about the expansions and contractions of business cycles. These economic statistics are grouped into three sets--lagging, coincident, and leading. Leading economic indicators tend to move up or down a few months BEFORE business-cycle expansions and contractions. Coincident economic indicators tend to reach their peaks and troughs AT THE SAME TIME as business cycles. Lagging economic indicators tend to rise or fall a few months AFTER business-cycle expansions and contractions.
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AUTONOMOUS EXPENDITURE: An aggregate expenditure (you know them as consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports) that is unrelated to national income or gross domestic product. These four aggregate expenditures are conveniently separated into two types, autonomous, which is our current topic of expenditures unrelated to national income or GDP, and induced expenditures, expenditures which ARE related to national income or GDP. Autonomous expenditures cause shocks in the macroeconomy, which result in changes in income and production. These income/production changes then "induce" further changes in aggregate expenditures, our induced expenditures. See also | aggregate expenditures | induced expenditure | consumption expenditures | investment expenditures | government purchases | net exports | gross domestic product | national income | business cycle | multiplier | accelerator |
Recommended Citation:AUTONOMOUS EXPENDITURE, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: July 12, 2025].
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AGGREGATE EXPENDITURES LINE A graphical depiction of the relation between aggregate expenditures by the four macroeconomic sectors (household, business, government, and foreign) and the level of aggregate income or production. In Keynesian economics, the aggregate expenditures line is the essential component of the Keynesian cross analysis used to identify equilibrium income and production. Like any straight line, the aggregate expenditures line is characterized by vertical intercept, which indicates autonomous expenditures, and slope, which indicates induced expenditures. The aggregate expenditures line used in Keynesian economics is derived by adding or stacking investment, government purchases, and net exports to the consumption line.
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Lewis Carroll, the author of Alice in Wonderland, was the pseudonym of Charles Dodgson, an accomplished mathematician and economist.
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"What gets measured gets done." -- Peter Drucker, educator
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VAT
Value Added Tax
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