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April 26, 2024 

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INFERIOR GOOD: A good for which an increase in income causes a decrease in demand, or a leftward shift in the demand curve. If demand decreases as income increases, it is an inferior good, or a good with a negative income elasticity of demand. An inferior good is one of two alternatives falling within the income determinant of demand. The other is a normal good.

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AVERAGE-COST PRICING: A regulatory policy used for public utilities (especially those that are natural monopolies) in which the price received by a firm is set equal to the average total cost of production. The great thing about average-cost pricing is that a regulated public utility is guaranteed a normal profit, usually termed a fair rate of return. One bad thing about average-cost pricing is that marginal cost is less than average total cost meaning that price is greater than marginal cost. As such, the public utility is NOT operating according to the price equals marginal cost (P = MC) rule of efficiency.

     See also | regulatory policy | public utility | natural monopoly | firm | price | average total cost | normal profit | efficiency | marginal-cost pricing |


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AVERAGE-COST PRICING, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2024. [Accessed: April 26, 2024].


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SIGNALLING

When confronted by asymmetric information, the use of small bits of information, or indicators, that suggest more comprehensive information. Signalling is used by those with more information to reduce the cost of informing those with less information. It is commonly used in markets with adverse selection. Methods of signalling include advertising, brand names, and warranties. A related method is screening.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at the confiscated property police auction hoping to buy either a video game player or an AC adapter that won't fry your computer. Be on the lookout for crowded shopping malls.
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Rosemary, long associated with remembrance, was worn as wreaths by students in ancient Greece during exams.
"We succeed in enterprises (that) demand the positive qualities we possess, but we excel in those (that) can also make use of our defects."

-- Alexis de Tocqueville, Statesman

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