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M: The standard abbreviation for imports produced by the domestic economy and purchased by the foreign sector, especially when used in the study of macroeconomics. This abbreviation is most often seen in the aggregate expenditure equation, AE = C + I + G + (X - M), where C, I, G, and (X - M) represent expenditures by the four macroeconomic sectors, household, business, government, and foreign. The United States, for example, buys a lot of the stuff produced within the boundaries of other countries, including bananas, coffee, cars, chocolate, computers, and, well, a lot of other products. Imports, together with exports, are the essence of foreign trade--goods and services that are traded among the citizens of different nations. Imports and exports are frequently combined into a single term, net exports (exports minus imports).

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Lesson Contents
Unit 1: An Overview
  • Elasticity And Demand
  • Price Elasticity Of Demand
  • Upon Further Review
  • Unit 1 Summary
  • Unit 2: The Continuum
  • Relative Adjustments
  • Five Alternatives
  • Three Of Five
  • Two Of Five
  • Unit 2 Summary
  • Unit 3: Measurement
  • Doing The Numbers
  • A Range Of Values
  • The Demand Curve
  • Slope And Elasticity
  • Changing Elasticity
  • Total Revenue
  • Expenditures And Elasticity
  • Unit 3 Summary
  • Unit 4: Determinants
  • Substitute Availability
  • Time Period
  • Budget Proportion
  • Unit 4 Summary
  • Unit 5: Other Measures
  • Price Elasticity Of Supply
  • Income Elasticity Of Demand
  • Cross Elasticity Of Demand
  • Unit 5 Summary
  • Course Home
    Elasticity and Demand

    Elasticity is the relative responsiveness of one variable to changes in another variable. Economists find this notion of elasticity quite useful in the study of markets. In this lesson, we examine the basics of demand elasticity, especially the price elasticity of demand.

    • The first unit of this lesson, An Overview, gets us started with a review of several concepts related to elasticity and demand.
    • In the second unit, The Continuum, we take a close look at how the five elasticity alternatives are reflected by demand curves.
    • The third unit, Measurement, runs through some numbers for measuring the price elasticity of demand, and how elasticity values related to a straightline demand curve.
    • The fourth unit, Determinants, examines how the three determinants of elasticity affect the elasticity coefficient.
    • The fifth unit and final unit, Other, closes this lesson by introducing examine three related elasticity measures.

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    SHORT-RUN AGGREGATE MARKET

    A macroeconomic model relating the price level and real production under the assumption that SOME prices are inflexible, especially resource prices. This is one of two aggregate market submodels used to analyze business cycles, gross production, unemployment, inflation, stabilization policies, and related macroeconomic phenomena. The other is the long-run aggregate market. The short-run aggregate market isolates the interaction between aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply. The key assumption of this model is that SOME prices, especially resource prices, are inflexible. The primary result of this model is that the economy can achieve short-run equilibrium at real production that is either greater than or less than full-employment.

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    APLS

    ORANGE REBELOON
    [What's This?]

    Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time visiting every yard sale in a 30-mile radius looking to buy either a coffee cup commemorating the first day of spring or a printer that works with your stockpile of ink cartridges. Be on the lookout for fairy dust that tastes like salt.
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    This isn't me! What am I?

    The earliest known use of paper currency was about 1270 in China during the rule of Kubla Khan.
    "Whatever course you decide upon, there is always someone to tell you that you are wrong. There are always difficulties arising which tempt you to believe that your critics are right. To map out a course of action and follow it to an end requires...courage."

    -- Ralph Waldo Emerson

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    Economic Journal
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