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MARKET EQUILIBRIUM: The state of equilibrium that exists when the opposing market forces of demand and supply exactly offset each other and there is no inherent tendency for change. Once achieved, a market equilibrium persists unless or until it is disrupted by an outside force. A market equilibrium is indicated by equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity.

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Lesson Contents
Unit 1: The Concept
  • Stretchability
  • Responsiveness
  • Quantity Changes
  • Some Definitions
  • Unit 1 Summary
  • Unit 2: A Little More
  • Two Categories
  • Why Study: Market Shocks
  • Why Study: Taxes
  • Why Study: Price Controls
  • Unit 2 Summary
  • Unit 3: Measurement
  • Two Types
  • The Coefficient
  • Doing The Numbers: Endpoint
  • Doing The Numbers: Midpoint
  • Unit 3 Summary
  • Unit 4: A Continuum
  • Elasticity Alternatives
  • Perfectly Elastic
  • Relative Elastic
  • Perfectly Inelastic
  • Relatively Inelastic
  • Unit 4 Summary
  • Unit 5: Market Elasticity
  • Four Measures
  • Elasticity Determinants
  • Unit 5 Summary
  • Course Home
    Elasticity Basics

    In this lesson, we will examine the basics of elasticity, including what it is, how it is measured, and how it is used in market analysis.

    • The first unit of this lesson, The Concept, introduces the elasticity concept and previews its role in market analysis.
    • In the second unit, A Little More, examines the importance of elasticity for such topics as market shocks, taxes, and price controls.
    • The third unit, Measurement, takes a close look at how elasticity is measured, focusing on the coefficient of elasticity.
    • The fourth unit, A Continuum, examines the five categories of elasticity, ranging from elastic to inelastic, that form a continuum.
    • The fifth unit and final unit, Market Elasticity, closes this lesson by introducing four key elasticity concepts for the market demand and supply.

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    DEADWEIGHT LOSS

    The decrease in the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus that results from the imposition of a tax. When a tax drives a wedge between demand price and supply price it disrupts what otherwise would be an efficient market equilibrium. Inefficiency arises because while a portion of the sum of consumer and producer surplus is merely transferred to government, a portion of this sum also disappears. The part that disappears is the deadweight loss and is an indicator of the inefficiency of the tax.

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