AVERAGE COST: The opportunity cost incurred per unit in the production of a good. This can be calculated by dividing the total cost of production by the quantity of output produced. While average cost is a general term relating cost and the quantity of output, three more specific average cost terms that are worth a closer look are average total cost, average variable cost, and average fixed cost. As long as you're looking into cost, you might want to spend a little time with the most important member of the cost family of terms, marginal cost.

     See also | opportunity cost | production | good | quantity | average total cost | average variable cost | average fixed cost | total cost | marginal cost |

AVERAGE COST, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: July 12, 2025].

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The proportion of income paid in taxes at different levels of income. In some cases the proportion of income paid in taxes increases with income in other cases it decreases. And in still other cases, it remains the same. Tax proportionality comes in three alternatives -- proportional tax (different incomes pay the same proportion in tax), progressive tax (higher incomes pay a higher proportion in tax), and regressive (lower incomes pay a higher proportion in tax).

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