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April 23, 2025 

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JOB LOSERS: Unemployed workers who have been involuntarily laid off or fired from their jobs. This is one of the official categories or unemployed workers tracted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics when compiling employment statistics and the unemployment rate. It is also a key to the theoretical notion of cyclical unemployment.

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CLOSED SHOP: An employment arrangement, usually written into a collective bargaining agreement, in which a firm is allowed to hire only labor union members. Because this gives a labor union complete control over the labor services supplied to a particular firm, it was one of the earliest methods used by labor unions to monopolized a labor market. However, closed shops were outlawed by the Taft-Hartley Act passed in 1947 and has been largely supplanted by union shops.

     See also | labor union | union shop | open shop | right to work | collective bargaining | supply to a firm | Taft-Hartley Act | factor market | monopoly | market control | yellow-dog contract |


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CLOSED SHOP, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: April 23, 2025].


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CONSTANT-COST INDUSTRY

A perfectly competitive industry with a horizontal long-run industry supply curve that results because expansion of the industry causes no change in production cost or resource prices. A constant-cost industry occurs because the entry of new firms, prompted by an increase in demand, does not affect the long-run average cost curve of individual firms, which means the minimum efficient scale of production does not change.

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PINK FADFLY
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing about a thrift store seeking to buy either a replacement remote control for your stereo system or a computer that can play video games and burn DVDs. Be on the lookout for fairy dust that tastes like salt.
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In 1914, Ford paid workers who were age 22 or older $5 per day -- double the average wage offered by other car factories.
"The past cannot be changed. The future is yet in your power. "

-- Hugh White, U.S. Senator

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