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July 26, 2024 

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ABILITY-TO-PAY PRINCIPLE: A principle of taxation in which taxes are based on the income or resource-ownership ability of people to pay the tax. The income tax collected by our friends at the Internal Revenue Service is one of the most common taxes that seeks to abide by the ability-to-pay principle. In theory, the income tax system is set up such that people with greater incomes pay more taxes. Proportional and progressive taxes follow this ability-to-pay principle, while regressive taxes, such as sales taxes and Social Security taxes, don't.

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DISEQUILIBRIUM: The state that exists when opposing forces do not offset each other and there is an inherent tendency for change. Disequilibrium is most noted in market analysis in which the opposing forces are demand (the buyers) and supply (the sellers). The result is either a shortage, which entices the market price to rise, or a surplus, which entices the market price to fall.

     See also | equilibrium | market | aggregate market | demand | supply | price | shortage | surplus |


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AVERAGE FACTOR COST CURVE, MONOPSONY

A curve that graphically represents the relation between average factor cost incurred by a firm for employing an input and the quantity of input used. Because average factor cost is essentially the price of the input, the average factor cost curve is also the supply curve for the input. The average factor cost curve for a firm with no market control is horizontal. The average factor cost curve for a firm with market control is positively sloped.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at the confiscated property police auction trying to buy either a birthday greeting card for your grandmother or a coffee cup commemorating yesterday. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from former employers.
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Only 1% of the U.S. population paid income taxes when the income tax was established in 1914.
"Old age isn't so bad when you consider the alternative. "

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