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July 14, 2025 

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AGGREGATE DEMAND: The total (or aggregate) real expenditures on final goods and services produced in the domestic economy that buyers would willing and able to make at different price levels, during a given time period (usually a year). Aggregate demand (AD) is one half of the aggregate market analysis; the other half is aggregate supply. Aggregate demand, relates the economy's price level, measured by the GDP price deflator, and aggregate expenditures on domestic production, measured by real gross domestic product. The aggregate expenditures are consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports made by the four macroeconomic sectors (household, business, government, and foreign).

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FACTOR DEMAND AND MARGINAL REVENUE PRODUCT: For a firm that hires the services of a factor in a perfectly competitive factor market, the factor demand curve is that portion of the marginal revenue product curve that lies below the average revenue product curve. The relation between marginal revenue product and factor demand for a perfectly competitive firm is comparable to the relation between marginal cost and short-run supply. A perfectly competitive firm maximizes profit by hiring the quantity of a factor that equates factor price and marginal revenue product. As such, the firm moves along it's marginal revenue product curve in response to alternative factor prices.

     See also | factor demand | marginal revenue product | factors of production | marginal revenue product curve | average revenue product curve | marginal cost | short-run supply curve | perfect competition | firm | law of diminishing marginal returns | marginal physical product | factor demand curve |


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FACTOR DEMAND AND MARGINAL REVENUE PRODUCT, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: July 14, 2025].


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FOREIGN EXCHANGE

A common term for the currency used in "another country" and is in direct contrast to the "domestic currency" used within a given country. More generally, foreign exchange is any financial instrument that gives one country a claim on the currency of another country and which is used to make payments between countries. The most important type of foreign exchange is, of course, the currency of other countries. However foreign exchange also includes financial assents such as bank deposits denominated in another currency. Foreign exchange is appropriately traded through the foreign exchange market and the price of foreign currency is termed the foreign exchange rate.

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