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July 18, 2025 

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TAX BASE: An item or activity that is subject to taxation. The most common tax bases are income, consumption, and wealth. The personal income tax and Social Security tax are two common taxes levied on the income base. Sales taxes are the most common taxes levied on the consumption base. Property taxes are the most common taxes levied on the wealth base.

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FACTOR DEMAND AND MARGINAL REVENUE PRODUCT: For a firm that hires the services of a factor in a perfectly competitive factor market, the factor demand curve is that portion of the marginal revenue product curve that lies below the average revenue product curve. The relation between marginal revenue product and factor demand for a perfectly competitive firm is comparable to the relation between marginal cost and short-run supply. A perfectly competitive firm maximizes profit by hiring the quantity of a factor that equates factor price and marginal revenue product. As such, the firm moves along it's marginal revenue product curve in response to alternative factor prices.

     See also | factor demand | marginal revenue product | factors of production | marginal revenue product curve | average revenue product curve | marginal cost | short-run supply curve | perfect competition | firm | law of diminishing marginal returns | marginal physical product | factor demand curve |


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KEYNESIAN CROSS

A diagram illustrating the basic Keynesian theory of macroeconomics, with aggregate expenditures measured on the vertical axis and aggregate production measured on the horizontal axis, with the relation between aggregate expenditures and aggregate production represented by a positively-sloped aggregate expenditures line. The "cross" aspect of this diagram is the intersection between the aggregate expenditures line and a 45-degree line indicating every point of equality between aggregate expenditures and aggregate production. The "Keynesian" aspect of this diagram is derived from John Maynard Keynes, the developer and namesake of Keynesian economics.

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