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November 15, 2025 

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PLANNING CURVE: Another term for the long-run average cost curve (LRAC). Using the name planning curve indicates that the long-run average cost curve is used to "making plans" especially concerning the desired scale of operations of a firm. That is, in the long run a firm will seek the plant size that maximizes long-run profit by equating long-run marginal cost and marginal revenue. It will then pick out the appropriate plant size off the long-run average cost with the minimum short-run average total cost.

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LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL RETURNS: A principle stating that as more and more of a variable input is combined with a fixed input in short-run production, the marginal product of the variable input eventually declines. This is THE economic principle underlying the analysis of short-run production for a firm. Among a host of other things, it offers an explanation for the upward-sloping market supply curve. How does the law of diminishing marginal returns help us understand supply? The law of supply and the upward-sloping supply curve indicate that a firm needs to receive higher prices to produce and sell larger quantities. Why do they need higher prices?

     See also | increasing marginal returns | decreasing marginal returns | marginal product | marginal cost | short-run production | supply curve | fixed input | variable input |


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LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL RETURNS, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: November 15, 2025].


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INDUCED EXPENDITURES

Expenditures on aggregate production by the four macroeconomic sectors that depend on income or production (especially national income or even gross domestic product). That is, changes in income generate changes in these expenditures. Each of the four aggregate expenditures--consumption, investment expenditures, government purchases, and net exports--have an induced component. Induced expenditures are measured by the slope of the aggregate expenditures line. The alternative to induced expenditures are autonomous expenditures, expenditures which do not depend on income.

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