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EXCESS DEMAND: A disequilibrium condition in a competitive market in which the quantity demanded is greater than the quantity supplied, hence there's "extra" demand. Pointy-headed economists generally use the more technical term shortage rather than excess demand. The reason, of course, is that shortage has two syllables and excess demand has four. The time saved in pronouncing two syllables rather than four is a definite efficiency plus for the entire economy.
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VOLUNTARY EXCHANGE The process of willingly trading one valuable commodity (good, service, or resource) for another. The key term is "willingly," which distinguishes voluntary exchanges from involuntary exchanges, such as those created by government taxes. Voluntary exchanges are the foundation of market transactions.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time touring the new suburban shopping complex seeking to buy either a green and yellow striped sweater vest or a Boston Red Sox baseball cap. Be on the lookout for empty parking spaces that appear to be near the entrance to a store.
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In the Middle Ages, pepper was used for bartering, and it was often more valuable and stable in value than gold.
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"If you don't know where you are going, any road will get you there." -- Lewis Carroll, writer
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IJIO
International Journal of Industrial Organization
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