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PERFECT COMPETITION AND DEMAND: The demand curve for the output produced by a perfectly competitive firm is perfectly elastic at the going market price. The firm can sell all of the output that it wants at this price because it is a relatively small part of the market. As a price taker, the firm has no ability to charge a higher price and no reason to charge a lower one. The market price facing a perfectly competitive firm is also the firm's average revenue and, most importantly, its marginal revenue.

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MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY THEORY: A theory used to analyze the profit-maximizing quantity of inputs (that is, the services of factor of productions) purchased by a firm in the production of its output. Marginal productivity theory indicates that the demand for a factor of production input is based on the marginal product of the factor and the price of the output produced by the factor.

     See also | theory | factor markets | short-run production | input | factors of production | marginal product | derived demand | marginal physical product | marginal revenue product | marginal factor cost |


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MARGINAL REVENUE PRODUCT

The change in total revenue resulting from a unit change in a variable input, keeping all other inputs unchanged. Marginal revenue product, usually abbreviated MRP, is found by dividing the change in total revenue by the change in the variable input or by multiplying marginal physical product by marginal revenue. This is also termed value of the marginal product. Marginal revenue product is a key concept for understanding the demand for productive inputs.

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