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June 10, 2023 

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J CURVE: An interesting relationship that exists between the exchange rate for a nation's currency and its balance of trade. In principle, the drop in a nation's exchange rate, or price of currency, makes the currency less expensive to "buy." With "cheaper" currency the price of domestic production is less and the price of foreign stuff is more, causing an increase in exports to other countries and drop in imports coming in from foreign producers. The economy thus moves in the direction away from a trade deficit and toward a trade surplus. However, the first few months after a drop in the exchange rate the balance of trade goes in the other direction, with any existing trade deficit increasing or any trade surplus shrinking. This occurs because the quantities imported and exported don't change in the short run, but the prices do. Because more is paid for the same amount of imported goods and receive less for the same amount of exports, total spending on imports increases, total revenue received from exports declines, and the movement is in the trade deficit direction. Once those quantities start adjusting in the long run, then we see a movement in the direction of a trade surplus.

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MARGINAL PROPENSITY FOR GOVERNMENT PURCHASES: The proportion of each additional dollar of national income that is used for government purchases. Or alternatively, this is the change in government purchases due to a change in national income. Abbreviated MPG, the marginal propensity for government purchases is the slope of the government purchases line used in the analysis of Keynesian economics. As such, it also plays a role in the slope of the aggregate expenditure line and the multiplier effect.

     See also | government purchases | national income | government purchases line | Keynesian economics | multiplier | aggregate expenditures line | marginal propensity to consume | marginal propensity to save | marginal propensity to import | marginal propensity to invest |


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MARGINAL PROPENSITY FOR GOVERNMENT PURCHASES, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2023. [Accessed: June 10, 2023].


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OPPORTUNITY COST, PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES

The production possibilities analysis, which is the alternative combinations of two goods that an economy can produce with given resources and technology, can be used to illustrate opportunity cost--the highest valued alternative foregone in the pursuit of an activity.

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