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PAR VALUE: The stated, or face, value of a legal claim or financial asset. For debt securities, such as corporate bonds or U. S. Treasury securities, this is amount to be repaid at the time of maturity. For equity securities, that is, corporate stocks, this is the initial value set up at the time it is issued. Par value, also called face value, is not necessarily, and often is not, equal to the current market price of the asset. A $10,000 U.S. Treasury note, for example, has a par value of $10,000, but might have a current market price of $9,950. The difference between par value and current price contributes to the yield or return on such assets. An asset is selling at a discount if the current price is less than the par value and is selling at a premium if the current price is more than the par value.

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MARKET ADJUSTMENT: The economic analysis of the changes in market equilibrium caused by changes in the demand determinants and supply determinants. Given the two curves that comprise the market--the demand curve and the supply curve; each of which can increase or decrease; market adjustment comes in eight varieties. Four involve a shift of EITHER the demand curve OR the supply curve. The other four involve a shift of BOTH the demand curve AND the supply curve.

     See also | market | equilibrium | market equilibrium | market disequilibrium | shortage | surplus | demand determinants | supply determinants | demand curve | supply curve | demand increase | demand decrease | supply increase | supply decrease |


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AGGREGATE SUPPLY SHIFTS

Changes in the aggregate supply determinants shift both the short-run aggregate supply curve and the long-run aggregate supply curve. The mechanism is comparable to that for market supply determinants and market supply. There are two options--an increase in aggregate supply and a decrease in aggregate supply. An increase in resource quantity or quality or a decrease in resource price shifts one or both of the aggregate supply curves to right. A decrease in resource quantity or quality or an increase in resource price shifts one or both of the aggregate supply curves to left.

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The Dow Jones family of stock market price indexes began with a simple average of 11 stock prices in 1884.
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