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INTERCEPT, GOVERNMENT PURCHASES LINE: The intercept of the government purchases line indicates autonomous government purchases, government purchases that do not depend on the level of income or production. This can be thought of as government purchases that the government sector undertakes regardless of the state of the economy. Autonomous government purchases are affected by the government purchases determinants, which cause a change in the intercept and a shift of the government purchases line.

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QUOTA: A limit on the quantity of some sort of activity. Two of the more noted quotas are for employment and imports. Employment quotas have been used as a means of providing increased opportunities to blacks, hispanics, women, and other groups that have been historically subject to discrimination. Such quotas, however, tend to anger other groups, especially white males, who don't get favorable treatment. While employment or similar anti-discrimination quota systems might help address historical problems, they are not without cost. In particular, our economy's efficiency is likely to suffer if a less qualified member of an ethnic group is selected over someone who is more qualified. Import quotas have similar problems. They are one form of trade barriers that's usually intended to reduce the competition faced by a domestic producer.

     See also | employment | import | discrimination | opportunity cost | efficiency | nontariff barrier | competition | market control | price |


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CORPORATE PROFITS

The total accounting profits received by corporations. Corporate profits are the official item in the National Income and Product Accounts maintained by the Bureau of Economics Analysis that measures profit earned by the household sector for supplying entrepreneurship services through corporations, and to some degree capital and land services, too. This is one of five official factor payments making up national income. The other four are compensation of employees, rental income of persons, net interest, and proprietors' income. Corporate profits the second largest factor payment category, usually coming in around 20 to 25 percent of national income.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling around a discount warehouse buying club wanting to buy either a flower arrangement for that special day for your mother or a New York Yankees baseball cap. Be on the lookout for gnomes hiding in cypress trees.
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Okun's Law posits that the unemployment rate increases by 1% for every 2% gap between real GDP and full-employment real GDP.
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