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CHANGE IN REAL PRODUCTION: The movement along the short-run or long-run aggregate supply curve caused by a change in the price level. This should be contrasted directly with a change in aggregate supply. You might also want to review the terms change in quantity supplied and change in supply, as well. A change in real production for short-run aggregate supply actually means real production changes with a movement along a given SRAS. However, a "change in real production" for long-run aggregate supply really refers to a movement along a given LRAS curve and doesn't actually involve a change in production. A change in real production means that we have identified a NEW price level-real production combination on the existing aggregate supply curve. In contrast, a change in aggregate supply means that we have changed, moved, or shifted, the entire aggregate supply curve, the whole range of price levels and real production amounts has changed.
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                           CENTRAL PLANNING: A system of extensive central government control of an economy, including organizing production and making allocation decisions. This was the popular method of allocating resources and answering the three basic questions of allocation under communism and socialism economic systems of the Soviet Union, China, and others during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Applying the communist/socialist philosophy that private property and market allocation was "bad", central planning relied on extremely detailed plans made by government. These plans would set specific production quotas for individual products, parts, components, and inputs fabricated by all of the factories and farms across the economy. This was a daunting, complex task that required detailed production information for hundreds of thousands of different commodities.InefficiencyWhile some attribute the fall of the Soviet Union in the 1980s to the United States military build-up, the burdensome bureaucratic inefficiency of central planning played an important role, if not THE key role in this decline.Central planning tends to be inefficient due to: - One, the resources used for the central planning process cannot be used to undertake actual production. In other words, a person (the planner) who spends eight hours calculating how much flour is needed to produce bread, is not actually producing any bread.
- Two, the central planning process, being developed and implemented by mere humans, is inherently flawed. Mistakes happen. Inputs are sent to the wrong factories. A decimal point is misplaced. Too much of one good is produced and too little of another. All of these mistakes mean less output is produced with available resources.
Central Planning and CapitalismWhile central planning is usually associated with communist/socialist economies it is also practiced, to a much lesser degree, by market-oriented economies such as that found in the United States. For example, the Federal Reserve System has a "central plan" for the growth of the money supply. The Department of Transportation has a "central plan" for highway construction. Almost every city has a "central plan" that specifies where different types of activities can locate within the city.There are two main differences between "central plans" found in capitalism and communist/socialist-type central planning. - First, the plans found in capitalism are usually only for a segment of the economy. They do not attempt to integrate the massive amounts of information needed for an economy-wide central plan.
- Second, planning undertaken in capitalism works within the confines of a market-based economy, making use of market efficiencies, rather than attempting to provide an alternative to the system.
Recommended Citation:CENTRAL PLANNING, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2022. [Accessed: June 25, 2022].
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BLACK DISMALAPOD
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a going out of business sale looking to buy either a T-shirt commemorating the first day of spring or a coffee cup commemorating last Friday (you know why). Be on the lookout for door-to-door salesmen.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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During the American Revolution, the price of corn rose 10,000 percent, the price of wheat 14,000 percent, the price of flour 15,000 percent, and the price of beef 33,000 percent.
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"It is not fair to ask of others what you are unwilling to do yourself. " -- Eleanor Roosevelt, diplomat, activist
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ANOVA
Analysis of Variance
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