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LONG-RUN EQUILIBRIUM, MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION: Relative freedom of entry and exit ensures that, in the long run, every firm in a monopolistically competitive industry earns exactly a normal profit, receiving neither an economic profit, nor incurring an economic loss. This result is achieved because entry and exit affects the market supply curve, which affects the overall market price, each firm's demand curve, and the range or prices it can charge. Each firm's demand curve adjusts until the profit-maximizing price is exactly equal to average total cost (both short run and long run).
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                           DISCOURAGED WORKERS: People who are willing and able to engage in productive activities, but due to their overwhelming lack of success have stopped seeking employment. Discouraged workers believe that any effort to find a job will be fruitless. Discouraged workers fall within the broader category of marginally-attached workers, people who are willing and able to work, who have either held a job or searched for employment within the last year, but are not actively seeking employment. People are marginally attached to the labor force for a variety of reasons, discouraged workers achieve their designation because they believe search efforts would not be worthwhile. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) officially designates someone as a discourage worker if they have not been actively seeking employment for one of the following reasons: (1) they believe there are no jobs available in their area or line of work, (2) they just could not find work, (3) they feel that they lack the skills, training, or education needed for available jobs, (4) they think employers feel they are too young or too old, or (5) they feel they are subject to some other type of discrimination.Peter Pankovic provides an example of a discouraged worker. Peter once had a job, a well-paying job at the HyFy Electronics Company (a leading record-player manufacturer). But when HyFy Electronics Company went bankrupt, Peter lost his job and has not been able to find another. During the first six months of unemployment, Peter actively searched for other jobs. But none were found. So he simply gave up. Over the past year, Peter has resigned himself to sleeping on his sister's sofa and eating left over pizza crust. He would like to work. And someday he will once again seek employment. But for now, he does nothing. Discouraged workers are excluded from the estimation of the "official" unemployment rate. Because discourage workers are NOT actively seeking employment, the Bureau of Labor Statistics relegates them to the not in the labor force category, meaning they are not officially considered to be unemployed persons nor in the civilian labor force. Excluding discouraged workers means the official unemployment rate tends to understate the severity of unemployed labor resources in the economy. However, the BLS does provide an alternative measure of unemployment (officially labeled U4) that includes discouraged workers. Including discouraged workers in the unemployment rate adds up to one-half a percentage point (such as from 5.0 percent to 5.5 percent). However, the number of discouraged workers, and their impact on the unemployment rate, changes over the course of the business cycle. - During business-cycle expansions, when the economy is growing, jobs are aplenty, and finding employment is relatively easy, fewer workers become discouraged. As such, their inclusion in the unemployment rate adds only one to two-tenths of a percentage point (such as from 4.5 percent to 4.6 percent).
- During business-cycle contractions, when the economy is shrinking, jobs are few and far between, and finding employment is relatively hard, more workers are prone to become discouraged. As such, their inclusion in the unemployment rate adds a half of a percentage point or more (such as from 7.0 percent to 7.5 percent).
 Recommended Citation:DISCOURAGED WORKERS, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: July 9, 2025]. Check Out These Related Terms... | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Or For A Little Background... | | | | | | | | | | And For Further Study... | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Related Websites (Will Open in New Window)... | |
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PURPLE SMARPHIN [What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time going from convenience store to convenience store seeking to buy either a birthday gift for your grandmother or a T-shirt commemorating yesterday. Be on the lookout for the last item on a shelf. Your Complete Scope
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The word "fiscal" is derived from a Latin word meaning "moneybag."
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"All labor that uplifts humanity has dignity and importance and should be undertaken with painstaking excellence. " -- Martin Luther King Jr., civil rights leader
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