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FIXED EXCHANGE RATE: An exchange rate that's established at a given level and maintained through government (usually central bank) actions. To fix the exchange rate, a government must be willing to buy and sell currency in the foreign exchange market in whatever amounts are necessary. A fixed exchange rate typically disrupts a nation's balance of trade and balance of payments. If the exchange rate is fixed too low, then a government needs to sell it's currency in the foreign exchange market, and may end up expanding the money supply too much, which then causes inflation. If the exchange rate is fixed too high, then export sales to other countries are curtailed and the economy is likely to slide into a recession.
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                           PERSONAL TAXES: The common term for the portion of personal income used to pay personal tax and nontax payments. Personal tax and nontax payments is the official item in the National Income and Product Accounts maintained by the Bureau of Economics Analysis measuring the personal income taxes paid to the government sector on personal income received by the household sector. Personal tax and nontax payments are subtracted from personal income (PI) to calculate disposable income (DI). Personal tax and nontax payments are about 15 percent of personal income and about 13 percent of gross domestic product. The primary taxes included in personal tax and nontax payments are the personal income taxes (the ones due on April 15th) that are paid to the three levels of government--federal, state, and local. Another major component is property taxes paid to state and local governments. It also includes assorted, and minor, nontax fees and charges, such as fishing licenses and national park entrance fees.Taxes excluded from this item might be as important as those included. Personal tax and nontax payments do NOT include Social Security taxes or sales taxes. Both of these enter into the National Income and Product Accounts in other places. The derivation of disposable income (DI) from personal income (PI) by subtracting personal tax and nontax payments (PT) is illustrated by this equation:
 Recommended Citation:PERSONAL TAXES, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: July 11, 2025]. Check Out These Related Terms... | | | | | | | | | Or For A Little Background... | | | | | | | | | | And For Further Study... | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Related Websites (Will Open in New Window)... | |
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at an auction trying to buy either a small, foam rubber football or an instructional DVD on learning to the play the oboe. Be on the lookout for the last item on a shelf. Your Complete Scope
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Post WWI induced hyperinflation in German in the early 1900s raised prices by 726 million times from 1918 to 1923.
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"If anything terrifies me, I must try to conquer it. " -- Francis Charles Chichester, yachtsman, aviator
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CES Constant Elasticity of Substitution
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