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KONDRATIEFF CYCLE: A cycle of economic activity lasting between 45 and 60 years that acquired the name of the first economist to study it, the Russian economist N. D. Kondratieff. The Kondratieff cycle is somewhat controversial and has been attributed to a number of different causes, including investment in transportation infrastructure. This is one of four separate cycles of macroeconomic activity that have been documented or hypothesized. The other three are Kitchin cycle, Juglar cycle, and Kuznets cycle.
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                           NATIONALIZATION: The process in which a national government takes over the ownership of a private business or industry, usually, but not always, in conjunction with a major revolution that establishes a communist or socialist command economy. Nationalization was a common practice, something of a fad, undertaken by several developing countries in Latin American, Asia, and Africa during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Non-revolutionary industrialized countries in Europe jumped onto the nationalization bandwagon, as well. Even the United States took at stab at nationalizing passenger train service when Amtrak was established in 1970.While almost any industry can be subject to nationalization, the ones most commonly taken over by governments are transportation, communication, energy, and heavy manufacturing. The logic is that these industries tend to be both vital to a nation's economy and inclined toward natural monopoly if left to private ownership. The nationalization trend was largely reversed in the 1980s, with the emergence of the reverse fad--privatization. As much as anything else, these two alternatives reflect the ongoing tug and pull of competing political views. - Conservatives tend to favor market allocation and private ownership of resources. Privatization is their fad of choice.
- Liberals, in contrast, tend to favor paternalistic government allocation and ownership of resources. Nationalization is a better fitting fad for their philosophy.
However, given the efficiency of competitive markets, the necessary functions of government, and the ever present fifth rule of imperfection, neither fad is likely to perpetually exclude the other.The basic notion of nationalization, however, also occurs in a more limited form at the state and local level through eminent domain. Eminent domain is the notion that governments have ultimate ownership and control over land and other resources within their boundaries. A city, for example, might enact the powers of eminent domain to take control over a parcel of land that will be used to construct a public street.
Recommended Citation:NATIONALIZATION, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2026. [Accessed: May 18, 2026].
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RED AGGRESSERINE
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time calling an endless list of 800 numbers hoping to buy either car battery jumper cables or a dozen high trajectory optic orange golf balls. Be on the lookout for defective microphones.
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In the Middle Ages, pepper was used for bartering, and it was often more valuable and stable in value than gold.
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"Nobody can be successful unless he loves his work. " -- David Sarnoff, TV pioneer
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PIH
Permanent Income Hypothesis
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