|
|
MAASTRICHT TREATY: An agreement among 12 European nations in 1992 that established the European Union. The 12 nations signing the Maastricht Treaty are Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Germany, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, and Great Britain. This treaty was designed to form a more economically and politically integrated European economy, including the reduction or elimination of tariffs and nontariff barriers, the creation of monetary unit (the euro), the establishment of a common military and defense policy, and centralized monetary policy. This amended early agreements setting up a European common market. The Maastricht Treaty is merely one of several international trade agreements created over the years to reduce trade restrictions. Others include the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the North American Free Trade Agreement.
Visit the GLOSS*arama
|
|
|
|
                           NATIONALIZATION: The process in which a national government takes over the ownership of a private business or industry, usually, but not always, in conjunction with a major revolution that establishes a communist or socialist command economy. Nationalization was a common practice, something of a fad, undertaken by several developing countries in Latin American, Asia, and Africa during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Non-revolutionary industrialized countries in Europe jumped onto the nationalization bandwagon, as well. Even the United States took at stab at nationalizing passenger train service when Amtrak was established in 1970.While almost any industry can be subject to nationalization, the ones most commonly taken over by governments are transportation, communication, energy, and heavy manufacturing. The logic is that these industries tend to be both vital to a nation's economy and inclined toward natural monopoly if left to private ownership. The nationalization trend was largely reversed in the 1980s, with the emergence of the reverse fad--privatization. As much as anything else, these two alternatives reflect the ongoing tug and pull of competing political views. - Conservatives tend to favor market allocation and private ownership of resources. Privatization is their fad of choice.
- Liberals, in contrast, tend to favor paternalistic government allocation and ownership of resources. Nationalization is a better fitting fad for their philosophy.
However, given the efficiency of competitive markets, the necessary functions of government, and the ever present fifth rule of imperfection, neither fad is likely to perpetually exclude the other.The basic notion of nationalization, however, also occurs in a more limited form at the state and local level through eminent domain. Eminent domain is the notion that governments have ultimate ownership and control over land and other resources within their boundaries. A city, for example, might enact the powers of eminent domain to take control over a parcel of land that will be used to construct a public street.
Recommended Citation:NATIONALIZATION, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2023. [Accessed: December 1, 2023].
Check Out These Related Terms... | | | |
Or For A Little Background... | | | | | | | | | |
And For Further Study... | | | | | |
Search Again?
Back to the WEB*pedia
|
|
|
BLUE PLACIDOLA
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a dollar discount store seeking to buy either a how-to book on home decorating or a set of luggage with wheels. Be on the lookout for fairy dust that tastes like salt.
Your Complete Scope
This isn't me! What am I?
|
|
|
A half gallon milk jug holds about $50 in pennies.
|
|
|
"Sometimes our light goes out, but is blown into flame by another human being. Each of us owes deepest thanks to those who have rekindled this light. " -- Albert Schweitzer, missionary physician
|
|
BN
Bank Note
|
|
|
Tell us what you think about AmosWEB. Like what you see? Have suggestions for improvements? Let us know. Click the User Feedback link.
User Feedback
|
|
