INFLATION CAUSES: Inflation is a persistent increase in the economy's average price level. The two basic types (or causes) of inflation: demand-pull inflation and cost-push inflation. Demand-pull inflation, as the name clearly indicates, results when economy-wide shortages are created by increases in aggregate demand. Cost-push inflation results when an economy-wide shortages are created by decreases in aggregate supply, which are so named because they are more often than not triggered by increases in production cost.

     See also | inflation | price level | business cycle | unemployment | cost-push inflation | demand-pull inflation | money | aggregate demand | aggregate supply | shortage | aggregate demand determinants | aggregate supply determinants |

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A tax specified as a percentage of the quantity of a good, service, asset, or other activity. Per unit taxes are often imposed on specific goods or markets. A common per unit tax is that levied on gasoline. People pay a given tax for each gallon of gasoline purchased, regardless of the price of gasoline. An alternative is an ad valorem tax, with is a tax specified as a percentage of the value or price of a good.

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