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April 17, 2024 

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WORLD BANK: (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) An agency of the United Nations that was established in 1945 to promote the economic development of the poorer nations in the world. They pursue this goal by providing low-interest loans to less development countries and offering technical assistance on the best ways to use these loans. Funds for the loans are obtained by the World Bank by selling bonds on the world's financial markets. It's long-run economic development orientation is usually coordinated with the shorter-run efforts of its sister U. N. agency, the International Monetary Fund.

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LONG-RUN AVERAGE COST CURVE: A curve depicting the per unit cost of producing a good or service in the long run when all inputs are variable. The long-run average cost curve (usually abbreviated LRAC) can be derived in two ways. On is to plot long-run average cost, which is, long-run total cost divided by the quantity of output produced. at different output levels. The more common method, however, is as an envelope of an infinite number of short-run average total cost curves. Such an envelope is base on identifying the point on each short-run average total cost curve that provides the lowest possible average cost for each quantity of output. The long-run average cost curve is U-shaped, reflecting economies of scale (or increasing returns to scale) when negatively-sloped and diseconomies of scale (or decreasing returns to scale) when positively sloped. The minimum point (or range) on the LRAC curve is the minimum efficient scale.

     See also | long-run average cost | average cost | average total cost | variable input | long run | quantity | economies of scale | increasing returns to scale | diseconomies of scale | decreasing returns to scale | minimum efficient scale |


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TOTAL COST CURVE

A curve that graphically represents the relation between the total cost incurred by a firm in the short-run production of a good or service and the quantity produced. The total cost curve is a cornerstone upon which the analysis of short-run production is built. It combines all opportunity cost of production into a single curve, which can then be used with the total revenue curve to determine profit. The marginal cost curve, THE focal point for the analysis of short-run production, is derived directly from the total cost curve. The shape of the curve reflects increasing marginal returns at small quantities of output and decreasing marginal returns at larger quantities.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time lost in your local discount super center wanting to buy either several orange mixing bowls or clothing for your pet dog. Be on the lookout for fairy dust that tastes like salt.
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There were no banks in colonial America before the U.S. Revolutionary War. Anyone seeking a loan did so from another individual.
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