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September 21, 2023 

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GOVERNMENT SECURITY: A financial instrument used by the federal government to borrow money. Government securities are issued by the U.S. Treasury to cover the federal government's budget deficit. Much like consumers who borrow money from banks to finance the purchase of a house or car, the federal government borrows money to finance some of its expenditures. These securities include small denomination ($25, $50, or $100), nonnegotiable Series EE savings bonds purchased by consumers. The really serious money, however, is borrowed using larger denomination securities ($100,000 or more) purchased by banks, corporations, foreign governments, and others with large sums of money to lend.

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SCARCE GOOD: A resource with an available quantity less than its desired use. Scarce resources are also called factors of production. Scarce goods are also termed economic goods. Scarce resources are used to produce scarce goods. Like the more general society-wide condition of scarcity, a given resource is scarce because it has a limited availability in combination with a greater (potentially unlimited) productive use. It's both of these that make it scarce. In other words, even though an item is quite limited it will not be a scarce resource if it has few if any uses (think pocket lint and free good).

     See also | scarcity | goods | services | factors of production | resources | market | exchange | price | opportunity cost | scarce resource | free good | free resource |


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SCARCE GOOD, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2023. [Accessed: September 21, 2023].


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TAX EFFICIENCY

Taxes, mandatory payments used to finance government operations, inherently disrupt the allocation of resources. This disruption might be good, correcting an otherwise inefficient allocation caused by pollution or market control. However, for an already efficiency allocation, a tax creates and inefficient wedge between the demand price and the supply price. This tax is generally paid partially by buyers and partially by sellers, which the tax incidence. Inefficiency arises because a tax reduces the total amount of consumer surplus and producer surplus, which is deadweight loss.

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