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PREFERRED STOCK: The ownership shares in a corporation that have legal claim to the corporation's assets. Stock is usually dividend into two types, common stock and preferred stock. Preferred stock has first claim to the corporations net assets, and common stock comes in second. However, if a corporation has no preferred stock, the common stock has exclusive claim. Most stocks are negotiable and are traded one on a stock market.

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Lesson Contents
Unit 1: The Concept
  • What It Is
  • Circular Flow
  • Unit 1 Summary
  • Unit 2: Doing More
  • Expenditures
  • Consumption Expenditures
  • Investment Expenditures
  • Government Purchases
  • Net Exports
  • Unit 2 Summary
  • Unit 3: The Curve
  • Highlights
  • Slope
  • Real-Balance Effect
  • Interest-Rate Effect
  • Net-Export Effect
  • Unit 3 Summary
  • Unit 4: Determinants
  • Instability
  • Shifts: Increase
  • Shifts: Decrease
  • Unit 4 Summary
  • Unit 5: Policies Plus
  • Business Cycles
  • Policies
  • Unit 5 Summary
  • Course Home
    Aggregate Demand

    This lesson introduces aggregate demand, the demand-side of the aggregate market. The aggregate market is the key model used to explain and analyze the workings of the macroeconomy and aggregate demand is a critical half of this model (the other is aggregate supply). Taking a clue from market demand, this lesson examines the nature of aggregate demand, including the relation between the price level and aggregate expenditures, the reason the aggregate demand curve is negatively sloped, and the assorted aggregate demand determinants that cause the aggregate demand curve to shift.

    • The first unit of this lesson introduces the concept of aggregate demand and how it fits into the study of macroeconomics in terms of the aggregate market and circular flow.
    • In the second unit, we example the four aggregate expenditures -- consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports -- the make up aggregate demand.
    • The third unit then examines the aggregate demand curve that captures the aggregate demand relation between the price level and aggregate expenditures, especially the importance of the real-balance, interest-rate, and net-export effects.
    • A look at the assorted aggregate demand determinants that shift the aggregate demand curves is the topic of the fourth lesson.
    • We end this lesson in the fifth unit with a look how demand-management policies work to stabilize business cycles through aggregate demand.

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    PERFECT COMPETITION, TOTAL ANALYSIS

    A perfectly competitive firm produces the profit-maximizing quantity of output that generates the greatest difference between total revenue and total cost. This total approach is one of three methods that used to determine the profit-maximizing quantity of output. The other two methods involve the direct analysis of economic profit or a comparison of marginal revenue and marginal cost.

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