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VOLUNTARY EXCHANGE: The process of willingly trading one item for another. The emphasis here is on "willingly." Voluntary exchanges are the heart and soul of market transactions, and should be contrasted with the "involuntary" exchanges mandated by government taxes, laws, and regulations. While involuntary government-forced exchanges play an important role in a mixed economy, economists really, really like voluntary market exchanges because they promote economic efficiency.
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INVESTMENT LINE: A graphical depiction of the relation between business investment expenditures and national income that forms one of the key building blocks for Keynesian economics. The slope of this line is positive, greater than zero, less than one, and goes by the name marginal propensity to invest. The vertical intercept of the investment line is autonomous investment. The aggregate expenditures line used in the Keynesian cross is obtained by adding this investment line, as well as, government purchases and net exports, to the consumption line. The investment line is also combined with the saving line in saving-investment model used in Keynesian economics. See also | Keynesian economics | investment expenditures | national income | marginal propensity to invest | aggregate expenditures | aggregate expenditures line | Keynesian cross | saving-investment model | induced investment | autonomous investment |
Recommended Citation:INVESTMENT LINE, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2026. [Accessed: January 19, 2026].
AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia:Additional information on this term can be found at: WEB*pedia: investment line
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UNDERGROUND ECONOMY Illegal and unreported market transactions and productive activity that escape the watchful eyes of official record keepers. By most estimates, a substantial amount of productive activity takes place in the underground economy of the United States. Of course, these are only estimates because such activity, by definition, goes unreported. If activity in the underground economy is added to official activity in the "overground" economy, then gross domestic product could be boosted by as much as 25 percent to 50 percent, or more. Inclusion of employment in the underground economy is also likely reduce the official unemployment rate by a few percentage points.
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WHITE GULLIBON
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a crowded estate auction trying to buy either a large flower pot shaped like a Greek urn or a small palm tree that will fit on your coffee table. Be on the lookout for the happiest person in the room.
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Post WWI induced hyperinflation in German in the early 1900s raised prices by 726 million times from 1918 to 1923.
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"You are never given a dream without also being given the power to make it true." -- Richard Bach, Author
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CPI-W
Consumer Price Index-Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers
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