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December 3, 2023 

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X-INEFFICIENCY: Cost that is higher than it needs to be because a firm is operating inefficiently. This is most often seen for firms that have a great deal of market control, especially monopoly. The lack of competition allows a business to pad it's expenses, hire unneeded employees (like relatives), goof off instead of working, and all sorts of other things that lessen production and increase cost. The business is not penalized for these actions, because market control allows the company to extract whatever price is needed to cover cost.

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POLITICAL BUSINESS CYCLE: The notion that a business cycle is caused by elected government leaders who manipulate the economy to achieve personal political goals -- that is, to remain in office. The leaders stimulate the economy leading up to an election, creating a business-cycle expansion that ensures (they hope) their re-election, then induce a business-cycle contraction after the election to correct problems created by pre-election stimulation.

     See also | business cycle | investment | expansion | contraction | peak | trough | shortage | surplus | unemployment | inflation | fiscal policy | monetary policy | stabilization policies | investment business cycle | circular flow | balanced budget | money supply rule |


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SECOND-DEGREE PRICE DISCRIMINATION

A form of price discrimination in which a seller charges different prices for different quantities of a good. This also goes by the name block pricing. Second-degree price discrimination is possible because decidedly different quantities are purchased by different types of buyers with different demand elasticities. This is one of three price discrimination degrees. The others are first-degree price discrimination and third-degree price discrimination.

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BROWN PRAGMATOX
[What's This?]

Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time looking for a downtown retail store hoping to buy either a pair of red goulashes with shiny buckles or a handcrafted bird feeder. Be on the lookout for malfunctioning pocket calculators.
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The word "fiscal" is derived from a Latin word meaning "moneybag."
"If a man hasn't discovered something that he will die for, he isn't fit to live. "

-- Martin Luther King Jr., clergyman

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