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COMMODITY EXCHANGE: A financial market that trades the ownership of various commodities, such as wheat, corn, cotton, sugar, crude oil, natural gas, gold, silver, and aluminum. The two biggest commodity exchanges in good old U. S. of A. are the Chicago Board of Trade and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. Unlike, let's say a grocery store where commodities physically trade hands, commodity exchanges trade only legal ownership. This is much like a stock market, which trades the ownership of a corporation, but leaves the factory at home. Commodity markets offer two basic sorts of trading -- spot (immediate delivery of a commodity) and futures (delivery of a commodity at a future date).
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                           CURRENT SURPLUS OF GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES: The excess of revenue over cost received by government-operated firms that sell their output through markets and otherwise operate like private, profit-oriented firms. This is one component of the official entry government subsidies less current surplus of government enterprises found in the National Income and Product Accounts maintained by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, that separates national income (the resource cost of production) and gross (and net) domestic product (the market value of production). Government enterprises are productive activities that operate much like private-sector firms. They hire resources and purchase inputs (intermediate goods and raw materials), then produce goods that are sold through markets. In some cases, government enterprises compete directly with private firms.One common example of a government enterprise is a city-operated electrical generation and distribution system. In some cities, this service is provided by private, for-profit, businesses. In other cities it is provided by government. Other examples of government enterprises include urban transportation systems, parks and recreational facilities, and communication systems. The primary difference between private firms and government enterprises, especially in the National Income and Product Accounts, is the treatment of profit. In a private firm, any profit generated (the difference between revenue and cost) is claimed by the owners, or the entrepreneurs. A government enterprise, in contrast, has NO specific owners to claim the profit. In essence the enterprise is owned by ALL citizens. As such, the "profit" of government enterprises is not earned by any specific factor of production. It is not considered part of national income. From a practical standpoint, the excess of revenue over cost for a government enterprise, which is termed "surplus" rather than profit, is merely returned to the appropriate government treasury. Should the city's electric utility "turn a profit" in a given year, this surplus is given back to the city. This is fitting because should the electric utility incur a loss, then the city makes up the difference. In terms of national income, the surplus of government enterprises is important because, unlike private business profit, it is NOT officially earned by any factors of production. Rather than being paid out as national income to any productive factors, this surplus is returned to the government treasuries. It is part of gross domestic product, but not part of national income.
Recommended Citation:CURRENT SURPLUS OF GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISES, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2021. [Accessed: July 31, 2021].
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing about a thrift store wanting to buy either decorative picture frames or storage boxes for your income tax returns. Be on the lookout for broken fingernail clippers.
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A lump of pure gold the size of a matchbox can be flattened into a sheet the size of a tennis court!
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"Difficulties mastered are opportunities won. " -- Winston Churchill, Statesman
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KLCE
Kuala Lumpur Commodity Exchange (Malaysia)
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