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LONG-RUN MARGINAL COST: The change in the long-run total cost of producing a good or service resulting from a change in the quantity of output produced. Like all marginals, long-run marginal cost is the increment in the corresponding total. What's most notable about long-run marginal cost, however, is that we are operating in the long run. Unlike the short run, in which at least one input is fixed, there are no fixed inputs in the long run. As such, there is only variable cost. This means that long-run marginal cost is the result of changes in the cost of all inputs.
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                           DEMAND PRICE: The maximum price that buyers are willing and able to pay for a given quantity of a good. While buyers might be willing and able to pay less than the demand price for a given quantity, they are not willing and able to pay more. The demand curve is a plot of the demand price for each quantity. Demand price is the highest price that buyers will pay for a good. It is based on the satisfaction buyers receive from the good in conjunction with the income buyers have available to make the purchase. While a number a factors influence the demand price, quantity demanded tends to be among the most important. The demand price is generally less if the quantity demanded is greater.Getting More For LessThis notion of demand price as a maximum comes from the fundamental economic observation that people prefer more to less. As an upper limit, demand price indicates that buyers are willing to pay less for a given quantity, but not more. By paying less for one good, buyers can use the extra to acquire more of other goods.Consider the hot fudge sundae buying preferences of Duncan Thurly. Duncan is willing and able to pay $3 for a Hot Momma Fudge Bananarama Ice Cream Sundae. However, as much as he enjoys Hot Momma Fudge Bananarama Ice Cream Sundaes, he is unwilling to pay a penny more than $3. But, he would not complain if he could buy this tasty treat for $2. He would not argue if he could make the purchase for $1. In fact, he is not likely to disagree if he found it possible to buy the sundae for a zero price. The less he pays, the better. On the Demand Curve| Demand Price |  |
As the maximum price that buyers are willing and able to pay, the demand price lies ON the demand curve. In essence, the demand curve is the demand price. The demand curve plots the range of demand prices for a range of different quantities.Consider the demand curve for Quadra XE electronic calculators displayed in the exhibit to the right. For a quantity of 20 calculators, the demand price is $40. Would calculator buyers like to pay less than $40? Certainly. Would calculator buyers pay more than $40? No. The story is the same for any quantity. Only the numbers differ. For a quantity of 80 calculators, the demand price is $10. Buyers are willing to pay less than $10 for this quantity, but not more. A Lot of Demand SpaceThe area under the demand curve that includes all prices that buyers would be willing to pay is termed the demand space. It includes all prices up to and on the demand curve. Buyers are willing and able to purchase any price-quantity combination in this demand space.If buyers are able to operate beneath the demand curve, such that the price paid is less than the maximum demand price, then they obtain what is called consumer surplus. This is the extra satisfaction received by buyers over and above the price paid. And A Little CompetitionCompetition among buyers is the force that pushes the market price of a good up to the maximum demand price. This ensures efficiency, at least from the demand side of the market. With competition, buyers bid up the price until the maximum demand price is reached. If a buyer is unwilling or unable to pay that price, then they do not buy the good. Moreover, sellers have no reason to sell to any buyers offering less, because competition ensures that other buyers are willing and able to pay the demand price.
Recommended Citation:DEMAND PRICE, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: July 1, 2025].
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BLUE PLACIDOLA
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a flea market hoping to buy either a birthday greeting card for your grandmother or a coffee cup commemorating yesterday. Be on the lookout for vindictive digital clocks with revenge on their minds.
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A thousand years before metal coins were developed, clay tablet "checks" were used as money by the Babylonians.
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"Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other. " -- Benjamin Franklin
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American Economic Review
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