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DISCRETIONARY FISCAL POLICY: Explicit changes in government purchases and/or taxes (fiscal policy) that are made with the expressed goal of stabilizing business cycles, reducing unemployment, and/or lowering inflation. While most fiscal policy studied in economics is discretionary, the contrast is with automatic stabilizers, changes in taxes and transfer payments the help stabilize business cycles without explicit government actions. Discretionary monetary policy is a similar type of policy.
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Lesson Contents
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Unit 1: Economics |
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Unit 2: Doing Economics |
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Unit 3: The Economy |
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Unit 4: Economic Goals |
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Unit 5: Economic Policies | |
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Economic Basics
Being the very first lesson in this course, this provides an introduction and overview of economics. You'll come across a lot of basic concepts and terms. The full importance of these may not become apparent until later lessons, but they will be important. The five units making up this lesson set the stage for the further study of economics. - The first unit offers up a basic definition and provides two useful lists -- the three questions of allocation and the seven rules of economics.
- The second unit then explores the practice of economics, including positive and normative economics, macroeconomics and microeconomics, and six common logical fallacies.
- In the third unit, we turn our attention to the economy, especially how real world economies contain a mix of markets and governments.
- We then examine the five basic goals of a mixed economy in the fourth unit, include the three macro goals of full employment, stability, and growth; and the two micro goals of efficiency and equity.
- The fifth and final unit in this lesson considers assorted economic policies that governments use to achieve the five economic goals.
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LONG-RUN AVERAGE COST CURVE, DERIVATION The long-run average cost curve is the envelope of an infinite number of short-run average total cost curves, with each short-run average total cost curve tangent to, or just touching, the long-run average cost curve at a single point corresponding to a single output quantity. The key to the derivation of the long-run average cost curve is that each short-run average total cost curve is constructed based on a given amount of the fixed input, usually capital. As such, when the quantity of the fixed input changes, the short-run average total cost curve shifts to a new location.
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The 22.6% decline in stock prices on October 19, 1987 was larger than the infamous 12.8% decline on October 29, 1929.
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"You have to find something that you love enough to be able to take risks, jump over the hurdles and break through the brick walls that are always going to be placed in front of you. If you don't have that kind of feeling for what it is you're doing, you'll stop at the first giant hurdle. " -- George Lucas
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LBO
Leveraged Buyout
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