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SLOPE, SHORT-RUN AGGREGATE SUPPLY CURVE: The short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve has a positive slope, reflecting the direct relation between the price level and aggregate real production. A higher price level is related to more real production and a lower price level is related to less real production. The general reason is similar to that of market supply curves--the opportunity cost of production--three specific reasons can be identified: (1) inflexible resource prices that often makes it easier to reduce aggregate real production and resource employment when the price level falls; (2) the pool of natural unemployment, consisting of frictional and structural unemployment, that can be used temporarily to increase aggregate real production when the price level rises; and (3) imbalances in the purchasing power of resource prices that can temporarily entice resource owners to produce more or less aggregate real production than the would at full employment.
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Lesson Contents
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Unit 1: The Method |
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Unit 2: Theory |
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Unit 3: Verification |
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Unit 4: Science and Practice |
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Unit 5: Cause and Effect | |
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Economic Science
In this lesson you'll see why and how the scientific method is a process of discovery. You'll see that it's a process of building theories to explain the workings of the world (the economy) by proposing then testing hypotheses. The five units making up this lesson will guide you through the basics of the scientific method and how it's used in the study of economics. - The first unit introduces the scientific method, especially its' four key components -- theories, principles, hypothesis, and data.
- The second unit then takes a closer look at theories, including the central role played by abstraction.
- In the third unit, we will focus on the process of verification -- how and why hypothesized relationships about the workings of the economy are compared with actual data.
- We then turn out attention to a simple example of how the scientific method is used to test a hypothesized relation between course grades and where students are seated in a classroom.
- The fifth and final unit in this lesson examines the role that cause and effect plays in the scientific method and economic science.
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LONG-RUN TOTAL COST The opportunity cost incurred by all of the factors of production used in the long run (when all inputs are variable) by a firm to produce a good or service, including wages paid to labor, rent paid for the land, interest paid to capital owners, and a normal profit earned by entrepreneurs. Unlike short-run total cost, long-run total cost cannot be separated into fixed cost and variable cost. In the long run, all inputs are variable, so all cost is variable.
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The earliest known use of paper currency was about 1270 in China during the rule of Kubla Khan.
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"We must be willing to let go of the life we have planned, so as to have the life that is waiting for us. " -- E. M. Forster, writer
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