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July 18, 2025 

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ABILITY-TO-PAY PRINCIPLE: A principle of taxation in which taxes are based on the income or resource-ownership ability of people to pay the tax. The income tax collected by our friends at the Internal Revenue Service is one of the most common taxes that seeks to abide by the ability-to-pay principle. In theory, the income tax system is set up such that people with greater incomes pay more taxes. Proportional and progressive taxes follow this ability-to-pay principle, while regressive taxes, such as sales taxes and Social Security taxes, don't.

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BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS: The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international organization which fosters cooperation among central banks and other agencies in pursuit of monetary and financial stability. Established in 1930, the BIS is the world's oldest international financial organization. The head office is in Basel, Switzerland and there are two representative offices: in the Hong Kong, China and in Mexico City. As its customers are central banks, the BIS cannot accept deposits from, or provide financial services to, private individuals or corporate entities.

     See also | World Bank | International Monetary Fund | Asian Development Bank | Inter-American Development Bank | African Development Bank | Islamic Development Bank |


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DEADWEIGHT LOSS

The decrease in the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus that results from the imposition of a tax. When a tax drives a wedge between demand price and supply price it disrupts what otherwise would be an efficient market equilibrium. Inefficiency arises because while a portion of the sum of consumer and producer surplus is merely transferred to government, a portion of this sum also disappears. The part that disappears is the deadweight loss and is an indicator of the inefficiency of the tax.

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