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DISCRETIONARY FISCAL POLICY: Explicit changes in government purchases and/or taxes (fiscal policy) that are made with the expressed goal of stabilizing business cycles, reducing unemployment, and/or lowering inflation. While most fiscal policy studied in economics is discretionary, the contrast is with automatic stabilizers, changes in taxes and transfer payments the help stabilize business cycles without explicit government actions. Discretionary monetary policy is a similar type of policy.
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MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION, EFFICIENCY A monopolistically competitive firm generally produces less output and charges a higher price than would be the case for a perfectly competitive firm. In particular, the price charged by a monopolistically competitive firm is higher than the marginal cost of production, which violates the efficiency condition that price equals marginal cost. A monopolistically competitive firm is inefficient because it has market control and faces a negatively-sloped demand curve.
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In his older years, Andrew Carnegie seldom carried money because he was offended by its sight and touch.
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"Follow effective action with quiet reflection. From the quiet reflection will come even more effective action. " -- Peter F. Drucker, author
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ICCH
International Commodities Clearing House
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