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BUDGET LINE: The alternative combinations of two different goods that can be purchased with a given income and given prices of the two goods. This budget constraint, also termed budget constraint, plays a major role in the analysis of consumer demand using indifference curve analysis. Indifference curves represents the "willingness" aspect of consumer demand, the budget line captures the "ability". One key consumer demand topic is to analyze how consumer equilibrium is affected by changes in the price of one good. Then end result of this analysis is a demand curve. For more fascinating uses of the budget line and indifference curves, and consumer demand analysis, see income-consumption curve and price-consumption curve.
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                           VARIABLES: Quantities, usually represented as symbols, that can take on one of a set of values. A variable is "variable" because its value can "vary." A primary goal of economic analysis is to determine the specific value that a variable takes on under specific circumstances. Variables are allowed to vary, to take on different values. Models combine variables in a systematic manner (based on the underlying theory). The basic purpose of a model is then to identify different, specific values for the variables.For example, the two key variables in a market model are price and quantity. Analysis of the market model then identifies specific values for price and quantity. Endogenous and ExogenousIn the analysis of a model, variables generally take one of two forms -- endogenous (or dependent) and exogenous (or independent).- Endogenous: The values of endogenous or dependent variables are identified within the workings of the model. For example, price and quantity are endogenous variables for the market model. Endogenous variables are, in essence, the "output" of the model. Their identification is what the model is all about.
- Exogenous: The values of exogenous or independent variables are established outside the workings of the model. For example, income or the cost of a productive resource are common exogenous variables for the market model. Exogenous variables are the "input" of the model. They are pre-determined or "given" to the model.
InteractionThe interaction among endogenous and exogenous variables is key to the analysis of a model. Endogenous variables in a model are identified based on the pre-determined values of exogenous variables. Should these exogenous variables take on different values, then the endogenous variables also generally take on different values.For example, endogenous price and quantity variables identified in a market model are, in part, based on the exogenous variable--the income of the buyers. Should buyers have more or less income, then their demand is likely to change and so too are price and quantity.
Recommended Citation:VARIABLES, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2026. [Accessed: October 7, 2026].
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time waiting for visits from door-to-door solicitors trying to buy either a computer that can play music and burn CDs or a T-shirt commemorating last Friday (you know why). Be on the lookout for fairy dust that tastes like salt.
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Francis Bacon (1561-1626), a champion of the scientific method, died when he caught a severe cold while attempting to preserve a chicken by filling it with snow.
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"You don't have to see the top of the staircase to take the first step.¾ " -- Martin Luther King, civil rights leader
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International Chamber of Commerce
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