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ANTIDUMPING DUTY: A tariff levied by an imported country (presumably) being the target of foreign dumping. Since dumping implies selling a good to a foreign country at a price below production cost, the antidumping duty is intended to offset the 'unfair' advantage that the foreign seller obtains by selling below cost. The antidumping duty raises the domestic price of the good to the level that the foreign producer would charged if true costs were considered.
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                           VARIABLES: Quantities, usually represented as symbols, that can take on one of a set of values. A variable is "variable" because its value can "vary." A primary goal of economic analysis is to determine the specific value that a variable takes on under specific circumstances. Variables are allowed to vary, to take on different values. Models combine variables in a systematic manner (based on the underlying theory). The basic purpose of a model is then to identify different, specific values for the variables.For example, the two key variables in a market model are price and quantity. Analysis of the market model then identifies specific values for price and quantity. Endogenous and ExogenousIn the analysis of a model, variables generally take one of two forms -- endogenous (or dependent) and exogenous (or independent).- Endogenous: The values of endogenous or dependent variables are identified within the workings of the model. For example, price and quantity are endogenous variables for the market model. Endogenous variables are, in essence, the "output" of the model. Their identification is what the model is all about.
- Exogenous: The values of exogenous or independent variables are established outside the workings of the model. For example, income or the cost of a productive resource are common exogenous variables for the market model. Exogenous variables are the "input" of the model. They are pre-determined or "given" to the model.
InteractionThe interaction among endogenous and exogenous variables is key to the analysis of a model. Endogenous variables in a model are identified based on the pre-determined values of exogenous variables. Should these exogenous variables take on different values, then the endogenous variables also generally take on different values.For example, endogenous price and quantity variables identified in a market model are, in part, based on the exogenous variable--the income of the buyers. Should buyers have more or less income, then their demand is likely to change and so too are price and quantity.
Recommended Citation:VARIABLES, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2018. [Accessed: October 19, 2018].
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time calling an endless list of 800 numbers trying to buy either a rechargeable battery for your cell phone or a T-shirt commemorating the 2000 Olympics. Be on the lookout for poorly written technical manuals.
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The earliest known use of paper currency was about 1270 in China during the rule of Kubla Khan.
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"Think not of yourself as the architect of your career but as the sculptor. Expect to have to do a lot of hard hammering and chiseling and scraping and polishing. " -- B. C. Forbes, founder, Forbes magazine
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CAP
Common Agricultural Policy
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