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October 16, 2024 

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SLOPE, SHORT-RUN AGGREGATE SUPPLY CURVE: The short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve has a positive slope, reflecting the direct relation between the price level and aggregate real production. A higher price level is related to more real production and a lower price level is related to less real production. The general reason is similar to that of market supply curves--the opportunity cost of production--three specific reasons can be identified: (1) inflexible resource prices that often makes it easier to reduce aggregate real production and resource employment when the price level falls; (2) the pool of natural unemployment, consisting of frictional and structural unemployment, that can be used temporarily to increase aggregate real production when the price level rises; and (3) imbalances in the purchasing power of resource prices that can temporarily entice resource owners to produce more or less aggregate real production than the would at full employment.

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INTEREST RATE: The price of funds expressed as a percentage of the total amount loaned or borrowed. This is the cost of borrowing funds and the payment received for lending. Interest rates are invariably expressed as an annual percentage of the amount borrowed/loaned. A 10 percent interest rate, to run through an easy example, tells us that the cost of borrowing $1,000 for one year is $100.

     See also | real interest rate | opportunity cost | risk premium | inflation premium | investment | capital | dividend | financial markets | yield | prime rate | federal funds rate | interest-rate effect | government borrowing | investment borrowing |


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KEYNESIAN MODEL

A macroeconomic model based on the principles of Keynesian economics that is used to identify the equilibrium level of, and analyze disruptions to, aggregate production and income. This model identifies equilibrium aggregate production and income as the intersection of the aggregate expenditures line and the 45-degree line. The Keynesian model comes in three basic variations designated by the number of macroeconomic sectors included--two-sector, three-sector, and four sector. The Keynesian model is also commonly presented in the form of injections and leakages in addition to the standard aggregate expenditures format. This model is used to analyze several important topics and issues, including multipliers, business cycles, fiscal policy, and monetary policy.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing through a long list of dot com websites trying to buy either a birthday gift for your grandmother or a T-shirt commemorating yesterday. Be on the lookout for defective microphones.
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The Dow Jones family of stock market price indexes began with a simple average of 11 stock prices in 1884.
"Do what you feel in your heart to be right ‚ for you'll be criticized anyway. You'll be damned if you do and damned if you don't. "

-- Eleanor Roosevelt, first lady

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