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HYSTERESIS: The notion that the natural rate of unemployment is affected by historical events, especially the onset of a business-cycle contraction. Hysteresis results because unemployed resources are permanently changed, through loss of job skills or seniority, making them less employable when the contraction is over. The labor market itself might be permanently change. The result is a permanent increase in structural and frictional unemployment and a higher natural unemployment rate. Alternatively, a prolonged business-cycle expansion can generate long-term changes that cause a permanent decrease in the natural unemployment rate.
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VOTING PROBLEMS Voting is a key source of government inefficiency because it can fail to provided leaders with a valid indication of society's preferences. Part of the inefficiency rests with utility-maximizing decisions of the voters, who choose rational ignorance (not to be informed) and rational abstention (not to participate), both of which lead to voter apathy and influential special interest groups. Part of the inefficiency rests with the voting process, which results in importance of the median voter, inconsistency of the voting paradox, and logrolling (vote-trading ) among voters.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time wandering around the downtown area seeking to buy either a weathervane with a horse on top or a case of blank recordable DVDs. Be on the lookout for small children selling products door-to-door.
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The word "fiscal" is derived from a Latin word meaning "moneybag."
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"To understand a man, you must know his memories. The same is true of a nation." -- Anthony Quayle, Actor
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Singapore Stock Exchange
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