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LAFFER CURVE: The graphical inverted-U relation between tax rates and total tax collections by government. Developed by economist Arthur Laffer, the Laffer curve formed a key theoretical foundation for supply-side economics of President Reagan during the 1980s. It is based on the notion that government collects zero revenue if the tax rate is 0% and if the tax rate is 100%. At a 100% tax rate no one has the incentive to work, produce, and earn income, so there is no income to tax. As such, the optimum tax rate, in which government revenue is maximized, lies somewhere between 0% and 100%. This generates a curve shaped like and inverted U, rising from zero to a peak, then falling back to zero. If the economy is operating to the right of the peak, then government revenue can be increased by decreasing the tax rate. This was used to justify supply-side economic policies during the Reagan Administration, especially the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (Kemp-Roth Act).
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PREMIUM: In financial terms, a bond or similar financial asset that sells above its face value. A premium is paid to equalize a bond's interest rate with comparable interest rates. For example, a $100,000 bond that pays a fixed 10 percent interest on the face value ($10,000) would be sell at a premium of $125,000 if comparable interest rates were 8 percent. As such, the $10,000 interest works out to be 8 percent of the $125,000 price. See also | financial asset | financial markets | interest rate | discount |
Recommended Citation:PREMIUM, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2024. [Accessed: July 26, 2024].
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VOTING RULES The guidelines followed by groups of individuals or members of society when making collective or joint decisions that involve casting formal indications of choice (that is, votes). The five most noted voting rules are majority, super majority, unanimity, plurality, and weighted. These rules determine if a choice is or is not approved by the voting group. Voting rules are important for the study of public choice and government inefficiencies that arise in the voting process due to the median voter, logrolling, and the voting paradox.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a going out of business sale looking to buy either a bookshelf that will fit in your closet or a birthday greeting card for your grandfather. Be on the lookout for mail order catalogs with hidden messages.
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The first U.S. fire insurance company was established by Benjamin Franklin in 1752 in Philadelphia.
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"Old age isn't so bad when you consider the alternative. " -- Cato, Roman orator
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BVAR
Bayesian VAR (Vector Autoregression)
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