SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION: The notion that economic activity is not evenly dispersed across the land. That is, goods, services, resources, production, and consumption are more concentrated at some locations and less concentrated at other locations due to natural endowments and human activity. The result is that no two location points have exactly the same access to inputs or outputs. This is a fundamental principle underlying the study of urban and regional economics and implies that firms and households must include transportation cost and location in production and consumption decisions.

     See also | spatial | location theory | principle of median location | regional economics | urban economics | market area | transportation |

SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: July 11, 2025].

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Total factor cost per unit of factor input employed by a monopsony in the production of output, found by dividing total factor cost by the quantity of factor input. Average factor cost, abbreviated AFC, is generally equal to the factor price. However, using the longer term average factor cost makes it easier to see the connection to related terms, including total factor cost and marginal factor cost.

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