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LONG-RUN INDUSTRY SUPPLY CURVE: The relation between market price and the quantity supplied by all firms in a perfectly competitive industry after the industry as completed its long-run adjustment. The long-run industry supply curve effectively traces out a series of equilibrium prices and quantities the reflect long-run adjustments of a perfectly competitive industry to demand shocks. This long-run adjustment can take one of three paths: increasing, decreasing, and constant. These three adjustment paths indicate an increasing-cost industry, decreasing-cost industry, and constant-cost industry, respectively.
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                           INVOLUNTARY EXCHANGE: The process of unwillingly trading one valuable commodity (good, service, or resource) for another, usually prompted by the coercive powers of government. The key term is "unwillingly," which distinguishes involuntary exchanges from voluntary exchanges, such as those that are the foundation of market transactions. Involuntary exchanges are resource allocation activities imposed on the economy by government taxes, laws, and regulations. Unlike a voluntary market exchange, the "buyers" and "sellers" have little or no influence over the allocation decision. They pay the price, produce the good, or use the resources according to government mandates.An Involuntary ExchangeSuppose, for example, that the Shady Valley City Commission imposes a 1 cent sales tax on all jogging shoes sold in the city. When Roland Nottingham buys a pair of jogging shoes for $75, the city collects 75 cents in sales taxes. The Shady Valley City Commission then decides to use this tax revenue, along with that collected from other jogging shoe sales, to erect a statue memorializing the career of former Mayor, Sylvester J. Peabody.Roland is thus involuntarily forced to exchange his 75 cents for a portion of the Sylvester J. Peabody statue. This is a resource allocation decision that Roland would not have undertaken voluntarily. Roland did not like Mayor Sylvester J. Peabody. Roland did not like the political views held by Mayor Sylvester J. Peabody. Roland did not like any policy, program, or ordinance proposed by Mayor Sylvester J. Peabody. Roland would not have voluntarily paid for any part of a statue memorializing the career Mayor Sylvester J. Peabody. But, as a taxpaying citizen of Shady Valley, Roland is forced to abide by the involuntary exchange imposed on him by the Shady Valley government.
Recommended Citation:INVOLUNTARY EXCHANGE, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2018. [Accessed: December 10, 2018].
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WHITE GULLIBON
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling around a discount warehouse buying club seeking to buy either a brown leather attache case or car battery jumper cables. Be on the lookout for empty parking spaces that appear to be near the entrance to a store.
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In his older years, Andrew Carnegie seldom carried money because he was offended by its sight and touch.
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"The greatest barrier to success is the fear of failure." -- Sven Goran Eriksson, writer
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