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OMB: The abbrevation for Office of Management and Budget, which is an office within the Executive branch (specifically within the Office of the White House), that assists the President in various fiscal matters. Established in 1970, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is responsible for developing the President's annual budget request to Congress, managing the Executive Branch, and evaluating Federal government regulations. The OMB staff are appointed by the President, but unlike other appointments, they do not need Senate confirmation. The duty of preparing the fiscal budget, and what this means for fiscal policy, has made the director of the OMB one of the more influential economic positions in country, ranking just a notch below the Chairman of the Federal Reserve System's Board of Governors and the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors. The Congressional counterpart of the OMB is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO).
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                           MARKET-ORIENTED ECONOMY: A mixed economy that relies heavily on markets to answer the three questions of allocation, but with a modest amount of government involvement. While it is commonly termed capitalism, the term market-oriented economy is much more descriptive of the structure of the economy. The United States is the primary example of a market-oriented economy. A market-oriented economy takes to heart the fifth rule of imperfection. Such an economy relies predominately on the efficiency of competitive markets to allocate resources, but governments enter the fray with economic policies to address market failures, business cycles, and other problems that might arise. The United States, for example, answers about two-thirds to three-fourths of the economy's resource allocation questions with markets. The remaining one-fourth to one-third are answered by governments.The key institutions that form the foundation of a market-oriented economy are: - Private Property: Private individuals, rather than governments, are the primary owners of resources, goods, and other assets.
- Individual Freedom: Those who own resources, goods, and other assets have the freedom to use their property as they see fit.
- Competitive Markets: Market are used to exchange privately owned commodities and to answer the three questions of allocation.
These three institutions create an economic environment that provides the incentives to achieve efficiency. In a market-oriented economy, buyers and sellers have the freedom to direct their resources through competitive markets to the highest valued uses. A market-oriented economy, however, is definitely a mixed economy. While most allocation decisions are made voluntarily through market exchanges, governments also impose choices on the economy through regulations, taxes, and spending. Two key functions that governments provide in a market-oriented economy are: - Legal System: Governments operate the legal system to establish the "rules of the game" and maintain order throughout society. Without such order individuals are discouraged from undertaking voluntary market exchanges.
- Public Goods: Governments provide public goods, like national defense and education, that cannot be efficiently provided through voluntary market exchanges. These goods are provided directly through taxes and spending or indirectly through regulatory oversight.
 Recommended Citation:MARKET-ORIENTED ECONOMY, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2023. [Accessed: March 28, 2023]. Check Out These Related Terms... | | | | | | | Or For A Little Background... | | | | | | | | | And For Further Study... | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing about a thrift store hoping to buy either a country wreathe or galvanized steel storage shelves. Be on the lookout for letters from the Internal Revenue Service. Your Complete Scope
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Post WWI induced hyperinflation in German in the early 1900s raised prices by 726 million times from 1918 to 1923.
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"Do not go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail." -- Ralph Waldo Emerson
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