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URBAN ECONOMICS: The economic study of cities and urban areas based on the consideration of space, transportation cost, and location in production and consumption decisions. Urban economics studies a wide variety of topics, how and why cities are formed, how land is used within cities, the location of one city relative to another, and the relative size of cities. A closely related area of study that focuses on economic activity in larger regions is termed regional economics.
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KALDOR-HICKS EFFICIENCY: A type of efficiency that results if the monetary value of society's resources are maximized. This is achieved if the marginal willingness to pay by those who benefit from an action is equal to the marginal willingness to accept of those harmed. If this condition is not achieved, then a Kaldor-Hicks improvement is possible. Kaldor-Hicks efficiency, named after Nicholas Kaldor and John Hicks, is the theoretical basis of benefit-cost analysis, a technique commonly used to evaluate the desirability of producing public goods (such as parks, highways, or reservoirs). This is one of two noted efficiency criteria used in economics. The other is Pareto efficiency. See also | efficiency | willingness to pay | willingness to accept | benefit-cost analysis | Kaldor-Hicks improvement | Pareto efficiency | welfare economics | externality | market failure |
Recommended Citation:KALDOR-HICKS EFFICIENCY, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: June 3, 2025].
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PRODUCER SURPLUS The revenue that producers obtain from a good over and above the price paid. This is the difference between the minimum supply price that sellers are willing to accept and the price that they actually receive. A related notion from the demand side of the market is consumer surplus.
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling through a department store trying to buy either a rechargeable battery for your cell phone or a T-shirt commemorating the 2000 Olympics. Be on the lookout for high interest rates.
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In the Middle Ages, pepper was used for bartering, and it was often more valuable and stable in value than gold.
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