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March 22, 2023 

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MARKET-CLEARING PRICE: The price that exists when a market is clear of shortage and surplus, or is in equilibrium. Market-clear price is a common, non-technical term for equilibrium price. In a market graph, the market-clearing price is found at the intersection of the demand curve and the supply curve.

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PIGOUVIAN TAX: A tax on an external cost, such as pollution, designed to use market forces to achieve an efficient allocation of resources. A. C. Pigou, one of the first economists to study the market failure of externalities, is credited with developing this tax system for internalizing costs external to the market. An external cost caused by pollution, for example, can be internalized if polluters pay a tax equal to the value of the external cost.

     See also | tax | externality | pollution | market failure | efficiency | market | demand curve | supply curve | materials balance | recycling | regulation | Coase theorem | command and control | pollution rights market |


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PIGOUVIAN TAX, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2023. [Accessed: March 22, 2023].


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DISTRIBUTION STANDARDS

Alternative criteria for distributing the income generated from the production of goods and services to members of society. These criteria determine how total income is divided up across the economy, effectively answering the For Whom? question of allocation. The three most important distribution criteria are contributive standard, equality standard, and needs standard.

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BROWN PRAGMATOX
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time watching infomercials seeking to buy either galvanized steel storage shelves or a large green chalkboard shaped like the state of Maine. Be on the lookout for strangers with large satchels of used undergarments.
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