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June 5, 2026 

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CAPITAL GAINS TAX: A tax on the difference between the sales price of a "capital" asset and it's original purchase price. The capital assets subject to this tax include such things real estate, stocks, and bonds. This tax is frequently a source of controversy between the second and third estates. In that the second estate owns and sells a lot of this sort of capital, they don't like to pay taxes on capital gains. However, because the third estate doesn't have much capital it seems like a pretty good thing to tax. Those who oppose the capital gains tax argue that it takes away funds that would be used for further capital investment, which thus inhibits economic growth. Those who favor it argue that helps equalize unfairly unequal income and wealth distributions.

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EQUITY: This has two, not totally unrelated, uses in our wonderful world of economics. The first is as one of the two micro goals (the other being efficiency) of a mixed economy. This use relates to the "fairness" of our income or wealth distributions. The second use of the term equity means ownership, especially the ownership of a business or corporation.

     See also | scarcity | satisfaction | resources | economic goals | micro goals | efficiency | macro goals | income distribution | wealth distribution | third rule of inequality | distribution standards | needs standard | contributive standard | equality standard | corporate stock | asset |


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EQUITY, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2026. [Accessed: June 5, 2026].


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SCARCITY

A pervasive condition of human existence that results because society has unlimited wants and needs, but limited resources used for their satisfaction. This fundamental condition is the common thread that binds all of the topics studied in economics.

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