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April 11, 2026 

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ABILITY-TO-PAY PRINCIPLE: A principle of taxation in which taxes are based on the income or resource-ownership ability of people to pay the tax. The income tax collected by our friends at the Internal Revenue Service is one of the most common taxes that seeks to abide by the ability-to-pay principle. In theory, the income tax system is set up such that people with greater incomes pay more taxes. Proportional and progressive taxes follow this ability-to-pay principle, while regressive taxes, such as sales taxes and Social Security taxes, don't.

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CONSUMER DEMAND THEORY: The branch of economics devoted to the study of consumer behavior, especially as it applies to decisions related to purchasing goods and services through markets. Consumer demand theory is largely centered on the study and analysis of the utility generated from the satisfaction of wants and needs. The key principle of consumer demand theory is the law of diminishing marginal utility, which offers an explanation for the law of demand and the negative slope of the demand curve.

     See also | demand | law of demand | demand curve | law of diminishing marginal utility | consumer behavior | market | utility | satisfaction |


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AVERAGE REVENUE AND MARGINAL REVENUE

A mathematical connection between average revenue and marginal revenue stating that the change in the average revenue depends on a comparison between average revenue and marginal revenue. For perfect competition, with no market control, marginal revenue is equal to average revenue, and average revenue does not change. For monopoly and other firms with market control, marginal revenue is less than average revenue, and average revenue falls.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a dollar discount store trying to buy either income tax software or a how-to book on the art of negotiation. Be on the lookout for the last item on a shelf.
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The average length of a "business lunch" is about 36 minutes.
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