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A: The common notation for the "intercept" term of an equation specified as Y = a + bX. Mathematically, the a-intercept term indicates the value of the Y variable when the value of the X variable is equal to zero. Theoretically, the a-intercept is frequently used to indicate exogenous or independent influences on the Y variable, that is, influences that are independent of the X variable. For example, if Y represents consumption and X represents national income, a measures autonomous consumption expenditures.

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PRIVATE SECTOR: A short-cut term that combines the households and businesses in the economy into a single group. This term should be contrasted directly with public sector, which is a comparable short-cut term for government. The distinction between private sector and public sector reflects the two basic methods of answering the three questions of allocation--markets and government. Markets make use of private ownership and control of resources (hence the term "private" sector) for voluntary allocation decisions.

     See also | household sector | business sector | public sector | government sector | three questions of allocation | ownership and control | liberal | conservative | government functions | market failure | fifth rule of imperfection | public choice | normative economics |


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SUPPLY

The willingness and ability to sell a range of quantities of a good at a range of prices, during a given time period. Supply is one half of the market exchange process--the other is demand. This supply side of the market draws inspiration from the limited resources dimension of the scarcity problem.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at an auction wanting to buy either a square lamp shade with frills along the bottom or an electric coffee pot with automatic shutoff. Be on the lookout for defective microphones.
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Post WWI induced hyperinflation in German in the early 1900s raised prices by 726 million times from 1918 to 1923.
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