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BILATERAL MONOPOLY: A market containing a single buyer and a single seller. Bilateral monopoly is the combination of a monopoly market on the selling side and a monopsony market on the buying side. Factor markets tend to offer the best examples of bilateral monopolies, and thus is the field of economic analysis where this term generally surfaces. A market dominated by a profit-maximizing monopoly tends to charge a higher price. A market dominated by a profit-maximizing monopsony tends to pay a lower price. When combined into a bilateral monopoly, the buyer and seller are forced to negotiate a price. Then resulting price could end up anywhere between the higher monopoly's price and the lower monopsony's price. Where the price ends ups depends on the relative negotiating power of each side.
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                           CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE: A given proportional change in all resources in the long run results in the same proportional change in production. Constant returns to scale exists if a firm increases ALL resources--labor, capital, and other inputs--by 10 percent, and output also increases by 10 percent. This is one of three returns to scale. The other two are increasing returns to scale and decreasing returns to scale. Constant returns to scale results if long run production changes are greater than proportional changes in all inputs used by a firm.Suppose, for example, that The Wacky Willy Company employs 1,000 workers in a 5,000 square foot factory to produce 1 million Stuffed Amigos (those cute and cuddly armadillos, tarantulas, and scorpions) each month. Constant returns to scale exists if the scale of operation expands to 2,000 workers in a 10,000 square foot factory (a doubling of the inputs) and production increases to exactly 2 million Stuffed Amigos. The anticipated pattern for most production activities is that increasing returns to scale emerge for relatively small levels of production, which is then following by constant returns to scale and decreasing returns to scale. Returns to scale are the flip side of economies and diseconomies of scale. Although economies and diseconomies of scale focus on changes in average cost, returns to scale focus on production. One way to view constant returns to scale is the quantity of production or the range or production in which the forces underlying increasing returns to scale exactly balance the forces underlying decreasing returns to scale.
Recommended Citation:CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2020. [Accessed: January 29, 2020].
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WHITE GULLIBON
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing through a long list of dot com websites looking to buy either a T-shirt commemorating next Thursday or a birthday gift for your uncle. Be on the lookout for door-to-door salesmen.
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In the early 1900s around 300 automobile companies operated in the United States.
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"The difference between the impossible and the possible lies in a person's determination. " -- Tommy Lasorda
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CBOT
Chicago Board of Trade
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