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UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, MEASUREMENT PROBLEMS: The official unemployment rate, which measures the proportion of the civilian labor force 16 years or older that is not engaged productive activities but is actively seeking employment, is estimated and reported monthly by the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The imperfections of official unemployment rate fall into two categories. One that suggests the "true" unemployment of labor resources is likely greater than the official unemployment rate and the other that suggests the "true" unemployment of labor resources is likely less than the official unemployment rate. Two items that show up in the understated category are discouraged workers and part-time workers. Two items that shows up in the overstated category are unreported legal employment and unreported illegal employment.
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                           GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES: Transfer payments from the government sector to the business sector that do not involve current production. This is one component of the official entry government subsidies less current surplus of government enterprises found in the National Income and Product Accounts maintained by the Bureau of Economic Analysis that separates national income (the resource cost of production) and gross (and net) domestic product (the market value of production). Much like government makes transfers to the household sector to assist (presumably needy) individuals, government makes transfers to the business sector to assist (presumably needy) firms. Household transfer payments include welfare to the poor, unemployment compensation to the unemployed, and Social Security payments to the elderly and disabled. Business transfer payments (occasionally referred to as corporate welfare) include direct payments or tax deductions to business firms for a variety of reasons.- Specific Activity: Firms are often given subsidies to encourage particular actions, such as training employees, reducing pollution, implementing specific production techniques, or developing new technologies. Farmers receive federal subsidies to reduce the problems caused by unstable agricultural markets.
- Local Growth: State and local governments have a long history of inducing firms that employ a number of workers to locate in their areas through generous subsidies.
- Public Utilities: Privately-owned public utilities or quasi-public transportation systems are often subsidized by the government because they provide valuable production that cannot be profitably exchanged through markets.
- Bankrupt Firms: On occasion, a nationally prominent firm on the verge of bankruptcy is subsidized to help it through difficult times.
- Friends of Government: And more than a few special "breaks" have been inserted into tax laws by members of Congress on behalf of a particular firm that may or may not be the direct result of a hefty campaign contribution.
From a national income perspective, government subsidies are added to the pool of revenue that the business sector has available for making factor payments (which also makes it part of national income). But because the business sector does NOT receive this revenue as payment for producing goods, it is not part of gross domestic product.
Recommended Citation:GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2026. [Accessed: July 21, 2026].
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BLACK DISMALAPOD
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling around a discount warehouse buying club trying to buy either a T-shirt commemorating the second moon landing or a coffee cup commemorating Thor Heyerdahl's Pacific crossing aboard the Kon-Tiki. Be on the lookout for small children selling products door-to-door.
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John Maynard Keynes was born the same year Karl Marx died.
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"When I stand before God at the end of my life, I would hope that I would not have a single bit of talent left, and could say, „I used everything you gave me.¾" -- Erma Bombeck, writer
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M2
M1 plus savings types of near monies, including savings deposits, certificates of deposits, money market deposits, repurchase agreements, and Eurodollars
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