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LAFFER CURVE: The graphical inverted-U relation between tax rates and total tax collections by government. Developed by economist Arthur Laffer, the Laffer curve formed a key theoretical foundation for supply-side economics of President Reagan during the 1980s. It is based on the notion that government collects zero revenue if the tax rate is 0% and if the tax rate is 100%. At a 100% tax rate no one has the incentive to work, produce, and earn income, so there is no income to tax. As such, the optimum tax rate, in which government revenue is maximized, lies somewhere between 0% and 100%. This generates a curve shaped like and inverted U, rising from zero to a peak, then falling back to zero. If the economy is operating to the right of the peak, then government revenue can be increased by decreasing the tax rate. This was used to justify supply-side economic policies during the Reagan Administration, especially the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (Kemp-Roth Act).
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                           VERY LONG RUN, MICROECONOMICS: A production time period in which all inputs are variable, including those under control of the firm and those beyond the control of the firm. During the very long run, not only are the labor, capital, land, and entrepreneurship inputs variable, but so too are key production inputs such as government rules, technology, and social customs. This is one of four production time periods used in the study of microeconomics. The other three are short run, long run, and very short run. The very long run is a production time period that is so long that all productive inputs are variable, including those that are variable in the long run (labor and capital) as well as those that change slowly and/or are beyond the control of the firm. In the very long there are no fixed inputs. Everything affecting production is likely to change. The task facing a firm is then to adjust to all sorts of changes.Consider a comparison between the long run and the very long run: - In the long run, all inputs under the control of the firm or producer are variable. In other words, a firm can change the size of the workforce as well as the plant size and other capital inputs. However, the firm operates under existing government regulations, has access to the same transportation infrastructure, and makes use of the same production technology.
- In the very long run, technology, social institutions, and other things that may change very slowly and/or may be largely beyond the direct control of the firm can change. A firm not only builds a new plant in the very long run, but this plant makes use of improved technology and is adapted to new government regulations.
Recommended Citation:VERY LONG RUN, MICROECONOMICS, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2023. [Accessed: March 22, 2023].
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time waiting for visits from door-to-door solicitors hoping to buy either a T-shirt commemorating yesterday or a pair of handcrafted oven mitts. Be on the lookout for infected paper cuts.
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A half gallon milk jug holds about $50 in pennies.
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"Most of the things worth doing in the world had been declared impossible before they were done." -- Louis D. Brandeis, Supreme Court Justice
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