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July 5, 2025 

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ZERO-BASE BUDGET: A method of budgeting expenditures in which each expenditure is justified on its overall merits rather than being based on the budget for the previous year. A zero-base budget is most often proposed (but seldom implemented) for governments. Governments generally establish budget expenditures based on expenditures for the previous year. If, for example, budget expenditures last year were $100 billion, the requested budget for this year might be set at $110 billion. The existing $100 billion is a "given" and only the extra $10 billion is justified. With a zero-base budget, the entire $110 billion is justified.

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INEFFICIENCY: When the economy is NOT obtaining the highest level of consumer satisfaction from the available resources. Inefficiency occurs if it is possible to reallocate resources in a way that would generate greater satisfaction.

     See also | efficiency | satisfaction | resources | scarcity | opportunity cost | market failures | market control | public good | externalities | information | good types | public choice | bureaucracy | principal-agent problem | special interest group | rational abstention | government functions | fourth rule of competition | fifth rule of imperfection | sixth rule of ignorance |


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INEFFICIENCY, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2025. [Accessed: July 5, 2025].


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ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION

Information is not equally available to everyone. Asymmetric information results because efficient information search inevitably stops short of compete information. Some people obtain more benefits from information than others, are willing to incur higher search costs, and thus end up knowing more. Or they incur lower information search costs and have easier access to the information. In a market, sellers tend to have more information about the good than buyers. Asymmetric information gives rise to adverse selection, moral hazard, and the principal-agent problem. These problems can be lessened through signalling and screening.

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GRAY SKITTERY
[What's This?]

Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time watching infomercials wanting to buy either clothing for your kitty cats or a set of luggage without wheels. Be on the lookout for infected paper cuts.
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This isn't me! What am I?

Parker Brothers, the folks who produce the Monopoly board game, prints more Monopoly money each year than real currency printed by the U.S. government.
"Plans are only good intentions unless they immediately degenerate into hard work."

-- Peter Drucker, management consultant

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