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GOVERNMENT PURCHASES DETERMINANTS: Ceteris paribus factors, other than aggregate income or production, that are held constant when the government purchases line is constructed and which cause the government purchases line to shift when they change. Some of the more important government purchases determinants are fiscal policy and politics.
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                           TROUGH: The transition of a business-cycle contraction to a business-cycle expansion. The end of a contraction carries this descriptive term of trough, or the lowest level of economic activity reached in recent times. A trough is one of two turning points. The other, the transition from expansion to contraction, is a peak. Turning points are important because they represent the transition from bad to good or good to bad. A business-cycle trough means the economy has reached the lowest level of production in recent times. Fortunately, because a trough is a turning point, it means that an expansion is about to begin. Even though a trough is the "lowest," this is not such a bad thing for the economy. It means the economy is making the turn toward prosperity. A Graphical BottomThe Lowest Turning Point |  | The diagram at the right presents a simple business cycle. The red line represents the value of real gross domestic product (real GDP) over a period of several months. The blue line is potential real GDP, the amount of real GDP that the economy could produce by fully employing all resources. A business-cycle contraction is indicated as the decrease in real GDP from point A to point B.While contractions are generally bad, fortunately they do not last forever. At least none have so far. There is always fear that the "current" contraction will not end. And people sometimes dismally think that it will not. But so far every contraction has ended. A click of the [Trough] button highlights the business cycle trough at point B which ends the contraction displayed here. A Lot of UnemploymentBecause the trough of a business cycle inevitably lies below the long-run trend, an increase in unemployment occurs. Because the long-run trend represents full employment, when real GDP is less than the potential real GDP, then the economy is trying to produce less than it could by fully employ all resources. The result is unemployment.Tracking the NumbersLike other aspects of business cycles, a trough is officially identified by the official business-cycle watchers at the National Bureau of Economic Research. Inevitably an official trough is only officially designated a year or two after the fact, once all of the relevant data has been processed and analyzed.While knowing when a trough did occur is useful information, anticipating when one will occur is also helpful. Knowing when the current contraction will end and the next expansion will begin makes it possible for consumers and businesses to plan for the ensuing good times. Forecasting a trough is perhaps most useful for government leaders who can implement timely stabilization policies. Forecasting upcoming troughs is commonly attempted using leading economic indicators, a series of ten economic statistics that tend to reach their "trough" three to twelve months before the actual business cycle. More sophisticated forecasts are also provided by complex mathematical models of the economy.
 Recommended Citation:TROUGH, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2023. [Accessed: October 4, 2023]. Check Out These Related Terms... | | | | | | | | | | Or For A Little Background... | | | | | | | | | | | And For Further Study... | | | | | | |
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BLACK DISMALAPOD [What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at an auction hoping to buy either a flower arrangement with a lot of roses for your grandmother or a wall poster commemorating the first day of winter. Be on the lookout for gnomes hiding in cypress trees. Your Complete Scope
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A U.S. dime has 118 groves around its edge, one fewer than a U.S. quarter.
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"Those who are blessed with the most talent don't necessarily outperform everyone else. It's the people with follow-through who excel. " -- Mary Kay Ash, May Kay Cosmetics founder
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