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ACTIVIST POLICY: Government policies that involve explicit actions designed to achieve specific goals. A common type of activist policy is that designed to stabilize business cycles, reduce unemployment, and lower inflation, through government spending and taxes (fiscal policy) or the money supply (monetary policy). Activist policies are also term discretionary policies because they involve discretionary decisions by government. A contrast to activist policy is automatic stabilizers that help stabilize business cycles without explicit government actions.

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Lesson Contents
Unit 1: The Macroeconomy
  • An Economy
  • Macroeconomics
  • Unit 1 Summary
  • Unit 2: Macro Problems
  • The Goals
  • Unemployment
  • Inflation
  • Unit 2 Summary
  • Unit 3: Business Cycles
  • Instability
  • Causes
  • Unit 3 Summary
  • Unit 4: Policies
  • Government
  • Viewpoints
  • Unit 4 Summary
  • Unit 5: Issues
  • Policies
  • Theories
  • Unit 5 Summary
  • Course Home
    Macro Basics

    In lesson, we move into the formal study of macroeconomics, laying the groundwork for lessons to come. In particular, this lesson introduces several important macroeconomics concepts and notions. Among the list of more important notions are the role an economy plays in the study of macroeconomics, the two key macroeconomic problems of inflation and unemployment, how these problems are related business-cycle instability, and economic stabilization policies designed to correct these problems.

    • The first unit of this lesson lays the foundation of for the study of macroeconomics, introducing the nature of an economy and providing a little information about the U.S. economy.
    • In the second unit, we examine some of the more notable macroeconomics problems, especially production, unemployment, and inflation.
    • We then take a look at the importance of business cycles in the macroeconomy, including recent trends in business cycle activity and a few potential business cycle causes.
    • The fourth unit then examines the role that economic policies play in the macroeconomy.
    • The firth unit wraps up this lesson with a few thoughts about the connection between political philosophies, economic policies, and economic theories.

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    MONEY CREATION, THE PROCESS

    The process in which the banking system creates checkable deposits by lending excess reserves. The total amount of checkable deposits (and money) created by the banking system depends on the amount of excess reserves available and the reserve requirement ratio specifying the reserves needed to back up deposits. The money creation process is the movement of reserves from bank to bank, with each bank using excess reserves to make loans (and checkable deposits), then keeping a fraction of the reserves to back up newly created deposits. The deposit expansion multiplier captures the money creation process, indicating the amount of checkable deposits created if the banking reserve acquires a given amount of excess reserves.

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    Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time looking for a downtown retail store hoping to buy either a key chain with a built-in flashlight and panic button or a green and yellow striped sweater vest. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.
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